October 12
1492 : Christopher Columbus and his crew land in the Bahamas.
1576 : Rudolf II, the king of Hungary and Bohemia, succeeds his father, Maximillian II, as Holy Roman Emperor.
1609 : The song "Three Blind Mice" is published in London, believed to be the earliest printed secular song.
1702 : Admiral Sir George Rooke defeats the French fleet off Vigo.
1722 : Shah Sultan Husayn surrenders the Persian capital of Isfahan to Afgan rebels after a seven month siege.
1809 : Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark expedition, dies under mysterious circumstances in Tennessee.
1899 : The Anglo-Boer War begins.
1872 : Apache leader Cochise signs a peace treaty with General Howard in Arizona Territory.
1915 : Despite international protests, Edith Cavell, an English nurse in Belgium, is executed by Germans for aiding the escape of Allied prisoners.
1933 : Alcatraz Island is made a federal maximum security prison.
1943 : The U.S. Fifth Army begins an assault crossing of the Volturno River in Italy.
1949 : Eugenie Anderson becomes the first woman U.S. ambassador.
1960 : Inejiro Asanuma, leaders of the Japan Socialist Party, is assassinated during a live TV broadcast.
1964 : 1964 USSR launches Voskhod I, first spacecraft with multi-person crew; it is also the first mission in which the crew did not wear space suits.
1970 : President Richard Nixon announces the pullout of 40,000 more American troops in Vietnam by Christmas.
1971 : The House of Representatives passes the Equal Rights Amendment 354-23.
1984 : The Provisional Irish Republican Army detonates at bomb at the Grand Hotel in Brighton, England, in an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate British Prime Minister Margaret Thatc
her; 5 others are killed and 31 wounded.
1994 : NASA loses contact with the Magellan probe spacecraft in the thick atmosphere of Venus.
1999 : Chief of Army Staff Perez Musharraf seizes power in Pakistan through a bloodless military coup.
2000 : Suicide bombers at Aden, Yemen, damage USS Cole; 17 crew members killed and over 35 wounded.
2002Terrorist bombers kill over 200 and wound over 300 more at the Sari Club in Kuta, Bali.
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