Computer Terms
Application Files- Program files environment where you can
create and edit the kind of document that application makes
Bug- a fault in a computer program which prevents it from working
correctly
Central Processor Unit (CPU) - This is where the
entire computer's data processing is handled - all the data manipulation,
calculations and formatting data for output.
Click- To select an object by pressing the mouse button
when the cursor is pointing to the required menu option, icon or hypertext link
Close - To close a window that has been opened for viewing
and / or editing
Computer- A general-purpose machine that processes data according to a set
of instructions that are stored internally either temporarily or permanently
Cookie- A packet of information that travels between a browser and the web
server
CPU- An acronym for Central Processing Unit and is often used to refer
to a computer system, such as "That beige box sitting next to my 24"
flat screen monitor is my new CPU
Crash- Your computer or application no longer works
correctly and so you "loose" all the work you've done since the last
time you saved
Creating A File- Storing data as a file with an assigned
file name that is unique within the directory it resides in
Delete- To remove an item of data from a file or to remove
a file from the disk
Desktop- An on-screen representation of a desktop such as used in the
Macintosh and Windows operating systems
Dialog Boxes- Takes over your screen and allows you
to ‘dialog' with the computer
Directory (AKA Folder, sub-directory)- Allows you to
organize files and other folders
Disk Space- This is the place where your files
live. The greater the disk space the more files you can keep. More disk space
is always better than less. You can never have much disk space.
Document Files- Files we care about (memos, letters,
pictures, etc.
Documents- Files you create and edit
Double Click- To press the mouse button twice in
rapid succession without moving the mouse between clicks
Drag- To move an object on screen in which its complete
movement is visible from starting location to destination
Edit- To make a change to existing data
File Cabinet- Metaphorically, the hard drive (and
other kinds of storage media like floppy disks) which store files and folders
Folder Icons- Collections of documents and other
folders
Google- search engine on the web
Hotmail- free email service, now part of MSN
Icon View- Allows you to see icons of folders and files
primarily as icons with little information
Icons- In a graphical user interface (GUI), a small,
pictorial, on screen representation of an object, such as a document, program,
folder or disk drive.
Keyboard- This if the primary text input device. It also
contains certain standard function keys, such as the Escape key, tab, and arrow
keys, shift and control keys, and sometimes other manufacturer-customized keys.
Macintosh- Macintosh, Mac - a personal computer from Apple Computer
Mouse- Pointing device that allows you to tell the
computer what to do
Mozilla- a web browser and successor to Netscape Communicator
Operating System (OS) - System software that allows your
computer to work
Pentium- Microprocessor from Intel
Random Access Memory (RAM) - This stands for Random Access Memory.
You can think of this as the "space" where you computer does its
processing. The more space you have the more processes you can run at the same
time. More RAM is always better than less. You can never have much RAM.
Recycle Bin- Place where you put files and folders
that you may later want to delete or get rid of. Compare Trash
Resize Box- Allows you to change the size and shape
of a window
Right click- To press the right button on the mouse.
(This is Windows specific. On a Mac running System 8 or higher, you hold down
the Control key and then click to get the same effect.)
Save As- Give the file a name and/or store the file in a
certain place
Save- Tell the computer to create a file on disk that has
the information you've put into the document (usually typing)
Scroll bar- Allows you to move around through your
document
Shut down- To quit all applications and turn off the computer
Software- Instructions that tell the computer what to do
Spam- unwanted repetitious messages, such as unsolicited bulk e-mail
System files- Allows our computer to work
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Trash- Place where you put files and folders that you want
to delete or get rid of
Trojan Horse- a malicious program that is disguised as
legitimate software. The term is derived from the classical myth of the Trojan
Horse. Analogously, a Trojan horse appears innocuous (or even to be a gift),
but in fact is a vehicle for bypassing security
Unix- an operating system
Virus- a piece of program code that spreads by making copies of itself
Volume Icons- Devices that hold files and folders
Wiki or WikiWiki- a hypertext document collection
or the collaborative software used to create it
Worm- a self-replicating program, similar to a virus
WYSIWYG- Acronym for What You See Is What You Get, describes a system in
which content during editing appears very similar to the final product
Yahoo!- internet portal and web directory
Zip- a file format now also used as a verb to mean compress
Tool Bars- The bars across the top of the screen that have icons you click on
to do different things.
Spreadsheet- Organizes information into rows and
columns and often uses math and numbers.
USB Port- special receptacles that allows you to connect a string of up to
127 devices to a single receptacle.
Operating System- The master software program of a
computer that controls the hardware of that computer, runs programs, manages
files and documents.
Memory Card- small, thin storage devices used with digital
cameras, handheld and laptop computers, telephones, music players, video game
consoles, and other electronics. Flash memory is used for this type of storage
device.
Flash Memory- non-volatile computer memory that can be
electronically erased and reprogrammed. Used primarily in Memory cards.
Crash- A serious computer failure in which the computer stops working or
a program quits unexpectedly. A crash may result from a hardware malfunction, a
serious software defect, or a virus.
CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory) - A portable
memory device. It is used in the computer's CD-ROM drive and typically
holds 640 megabytes of information.
Hard Disk- The large spinning plate that is usually sealed inside the
computer and holds a large amount of information, typically in the gigabyte
range, for quick access.
Operating System- The master software program of a
computer that controls the hardware of that computer, runs programs, manages
files and documents.
ASCII (pronounced as-kee) - An acronym derived from American
Standard Code for Information Interchange. The use of this standard code
permits computers made by different manufacturers to communicate with one
another.
Antivirus software- A program designed to look for
and destroy a virus that may have infected a computer's memory or files.
Backup- Storage of duplicate files on disks, diskettes, or some other form
of magnetic medium (such as tapes) as a safety measures in case the original
medium is damaged or lost.
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) - A set of programs stored in
read-only memory. These programs control the disk drives, the
keyboard, and the display screen, and they handle start-up operations.
Compatibility- The ability of one type of computer to share
information or to communicate with another type of computer.
Control menu- An on-screen Windows element that appears in
a box in the upper left corner of a window. The control menu allows the user
the option of adjusting the size of the window, closing or reopening the
window, or switching to another window.
Cookie- A device that permits a Web site to identify and collect
information about every user who visits that site.
Cracker- The preferred term to refer to a computer criminal who penetrates
a computer program to steal information or damage the program in
some way.
Debugging- Locating and eliminating defects in a program
Default settings- The pre-established settings that
a program will follow unless the user changes them.
Domain- Typically, a three letter element in a Web address or an e-mail
address. The domain, commonly referred to as the zone, indicates the type of
organization that owns the computer being identified in the address. For
example,. Com signifies a commercial organization; .edu signifies an
educational institution.
Domain Name- The second part of an e-mail address what
follows the @symbol. The name of the computer intended to receive an e-mail
message. In Web addresses (URLs) this element is referred to as the host
name.
DOS- An acronym derived from disk operating system. A program
that allows the computer to manage the storage of information on disks and
control as other aspects of a computer's operation.
Dot- The period symbol used in e-mail addresses. Always referred to as
a dot (never a period). Thus the domain name aol.com would be
pronounced ay-oh-ell dot-com. Internet surfers who spend a lot of time in
the. Com domain are sometimes referred to as dot communists
Drag-and drop editing- A software feature that allows
the user to (1) highlight text to be moved and (2) use a mouse to drag the text
to a new location.
Easter egg- An unexpected image or message that pops up
on the display screen when the user innocently enters a secret combination of
keystrokes. Programmers playfully code Easter eggs into software and operating
systems as a way of surprising and amusing users engaged in more serious
tasks.
E-mail- The term e-mail (short for electronic mail) refers to the transfer
of messages or documents between users connected by an electronic
network.
Fax modem- A device built into or attached to a computer that serves as a
facsimile machine and a modem.
File transfer protocol (FTP)- A set of guidelines or standards
that establish the format in which files can be transmitted from one computer
to another.
Firewall- Software that prevents unauthorized persons from accessing certain
parts of a program, database, or network.
Format- The physical specifications that affect the appearance and
arrangement of a document, for example, margins, spacing, and font.
GIGO- Garbage in, garbage out. In other words, your computer
output is only as good as your computer input.
Glitch- A hardware problem that causes a computer to malfunction or crash.
Host computer- A computer that provides information or a service
to other computers on the Internet. Every host computer has its own
unique host name
Hypermedia- An extension of hypertext that integrates
audio, video, and graphics with text.
Hypertext- A technology that links text in one part of a document with
related text in another part of the document or in other documents. A
user can quickly find the related text by clicking on the appropriate keyword,
key phrase, icon, or button.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) - The formatting language used to
establish the appearance of a Web page.
Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) - The protocol
used on the World Wide Web that permits Web clients (Web browsers to
communicate with Web servers. This protocol allows programmers to embed
hyperlinks in Web documents using hypertext markup language.
Internet (or Net) - A system that links existing
computer networks into a worldwide network. The internet may be accessed by
means of commercial online services (such as America Online) and Internet
service providers.
Internet community- A group of individuals with
common interests, who frequently exchange ideas on the Internet.
Internet Service Provider (ISP) - An organization that provides
access to the Internet for a fee. Companies like America Online are more
properly referred to as commercial online services because they offer many
other services in addition to Internet access.
Intranet- A private network established by an organization for the exclusive
use of its employees. Firewalls prevent outsiders from gaining access to an
organization's intranet.
I/O- An abbreviation for input/output.
Mailbomb- A deluge of e-mail messages from one or more sources, deliberately
intended to overload the recipient's computer and make it crash. A mailbomb is
typically sent to punish someone guilty of spamming or some other serious
breach of netiquette.
Random-access memory (RAM) - The temporary memory that allows
information to be stored randomly and accessed quickly and directly (without
the need to go through intervening data.)
Multimedia- The use of several types of media in a
document or an application.
Offline- Referring to the state in which a computer is temporarily or
permanently unable to communicate with another computer. The term offline is
also used humorously to refer to "real life."
Off-screen- Referring to any computer function that does
not produce a display on the screen.
Online- Referring to the state in which a computer is turned on and ready
to communicate with other computers.
Page Numbering- The ability of a program to automatically
print page numbers on the pages that make up an entire document. If the
document is revised and the total number of pages changes, the page numbering
is automatically adjusted.
Surfing the Net- Browsing through various Web sites on the
Internet in search of interesting things.
Virus- A piece of computer code designed as a prank or malicious act to
spread from one computer to another by attacking itself to other programs. Some
viruses simply cause a humorous message to appear on the screen, some cause
minor glitches, and some cause serious damage to a computer's memory or
disks.
World Wide Web- The component of the Internet that combines
audio, video, and graphics with text.
Word Wrap- When text automatically flows from one line to the beginning of
the next line without the user having to press the Enter/Return key. The
computer decides where the best place to begin the next new line is.
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