Study Material for GS:National Languages of India

India has 22 languages which have been given the grade of National Languages. 

Name of State/Union Territory	Major Language Spoken	Other Languages Spoken
Jammu and Kashmir	Kashmiri	Dogri and Hindi
Himachal Pradesh	Hindi	Punjabi and Nepali
Punjab	Punjabi	Hindi
Uttrakhand	Hindi	Urdu, Punjabi and Nepali
Haryana	Hindi	Punjabi and Urdu
Delhi	Hindi	Punjabi, Urdu and Bengali
Uttar Pradesh	Hindi	Urdu
Rajasthan	Hindi	Punjabi and Urdu
Madhya Pradesh	Hindi	Marathi and Urdu
Chhattisgarh	Hindi	Bengali and Oriya
Bihar	Hindi	Maithili and Urdu
Jharkhand	Hindi	Santali, Bengali and Urdu
West Bengal	Bengali	Hindi, Santali, Urdu, Nepali
Sikkim	Nepali	Hindi, Bengali
Assam	Assamese	Bengali, Hindi, Bodo and Nepali
Arunachal Pradesh	Bengali	Nepali, Hindi and Assamese
Nagaland	Bengali	Hindi and Nepali
Mizoram	Bengali	Hindi and Nepali
Tripura	Bengali	Hindi
Meghalaya	Bengali	Hindi and Nepali
Manipur	Manipuri	Nepali, Hindi and Bengali
Odisha	Oriya	Hindi, Telegu and Santali
Maharashtra	Marathi	Hindi, Urdu and Gujarati
Gujarat	Gujarati	Hindi, Sindhi, Marathi and Urdu
Daman and Diu	Gujarati	Hindi and Marathi
Dadra and Nagar Haveli	Gujarati	Hindi, Konkani and Marathi
Goa	Konkani	Marathi, Hindi and Kannada
Karnataka	Kannada	Urdu, Telugu, Marathi and Tamil
Andhra Pradesh	Telugu	Urdu, Hindi and Tamil
Kerala	Malayalam	None
Lakshadweep Islands	Malayalam	None
Tamil Nadu	Tamil	Telugu, Kannada and Urdu
Puducherry	Tamil	Telugu, Kannada and Urdu
Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Bengali	Hindi, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam

Study Material For GS:India’s Five Year Plans at a Glance

The Five Year Plans

The development plans are drawn by the Planning Commission to establish India's economy on a socialistic pattern in successive phases of five year Periods-called the Five Year Plans.

Major Bodies Behind the Making of Five Year Plans

The organisation was set up to formulate basic economic policies, draft plans and watch its progress and implementation. It consists of:

(I) Planning Commission of India

(ii) National Planning Council

(iii) National Development Council and State Planning Commissions

DETAILS OF THE FIVE YEAR PLANS

FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN (1951-56)

In July 1951, the Planning Commission issued the draft outline of the First Five Year Plan for the period April 1951 to March 1956. It was presented to the Parliament in December 1952. In the First Plan, agriculture received the main thrust, for sustaining of growth and development of industries which would not be possible without a significant rise in the yield of raw materials and food.

Objectives:

i) To increase food production.

ii) To fully utilise available raw materials.

iii) To check inflationary pressure.

Outlay: The total proposed outlay was Rs. 3,870 crore.

SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN (1956-61)

The main objective was to launch upon industrialisation and strengthen the industrial base of the economy. It was in this light that the 1948 Industrial Policy Resolution was revised and a new resolution of 1956 was adopted. The Second Plan started with an emphasis on the expansion of the public sector and aimed at the establishment of a socialistic pattern of society.

Objectives:

i) A sizeable increase in national income so as to raise the level of living.

ii) Rapid industrialisation of the country with particular emphasis on the development of basic and key industries.

Outlay: The Second Plan proposed a total public sector outlay of Rs. 4,800 crores though actual outlay was only Rs. 4,672 crore.

THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN (1961-66)

In the third Plan, the emphasis was on long-term development. The Third Plan report stated that during the five-year period concerned, the Indian economy "must not only expand rapidly but, at the same time, become self-reliant and self-generating."

Objectives:

i) An increase in national income of more than 5 per cent annually. The investment pattern laid down must be capable of sustaining this growth rate in the subsequent years.

ii) An increase in the agricultural produce and to achieve self sufficiency by increasing food grain production.

iii) Greater equality of opportunities, more even distribution of economic power and reducing wealth and income disparities.

FOURTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1969-74)

After the 'Plan Holiday', the Fourth Plan was begun in 1969.

Objectives:

i) To achieve stability and progress towards self-reliance.

ii) To achieve an overall rate of growth of 5.7 per cent annually.

iii) To raise exports at the rate of 7 per cent annually.

Outlay: The total proposed outlay was Rs. 24,880 crore, which included Rs. 15,900 crores as public sector outlay and Rs. 8,980 crore as private sector outlay.

FIFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1974-79)

The Plan was formulated against the background of sever inflationary pressure.

Objectives: In addition to removal of poverty and attainment of self-reliance, the Fifth Plan had the following major objectives.

i) 5.5 per cent overall rate of growth in Gross Domestic objectives.

ii) Expansion of productive employment and fuller utilisation of existing skills and equipment.

iii) A national programme for minimum needs and extended programmes of social welfare.

Outlay: A total outlay of Rs. 53,410 crore was proposed for the Fifth Plan.

SIXTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1980-85)

The draft of the Sixth Five Year Plan (1978-1983) was presented in 1978. However, the plan was terminated with the change of Government in January 1980. The new Sixth Five Year Plan was implemented in April 1980.

Objectives:

i) To eliminate unemployment and underemployment.

ii) To raise the standard of living of the poorest of masses.

iii) To reduce disparities in income and wealth.

Outlay: The proposed outlay for the Sixth Plan totalled Rs.1, 58, 710 crore.

SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1985-90)

The draft of the Seventh Plan was approved on November 9, 1985 by the National Development Council. The plan was part of the long-term plan for the period of 15 years.

Objectives:

i) Decentralisation of planning and full public participation in development.

ii) The maximum possible generation of productive employment.

iii) Removal of poverty and reduction in income disparities.

EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1992-97)

The Eighth Plan proposed a growth rate of 5.6 per cent per annum on an average during the plan period. The Eighth Plan focused on (i) clear prioritisation of sectors/projects for investment in order to facilitate implementation of the policy initiatives taken in the areas of fiscal, trade and industrial sectors and human development.

Objectives:

i) Generation of adequate employment of achieve near full employment level by the turn of the century.

ii) Containment of population growth through people's active co-operation and an effective scheme of incentives and disincentives.

iii) Universalisation of elementary education and complete eradication of illiteracy among the people in the age group of 15 to 35 years.

THE NINTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1997-2002)

It began on April 1, 1997. The Ninth Plan was the first concrete attempt to translate the programme of economic reforms and the New Economic Policy within the framework of an indicative Plan. The Approach Paper to the Ninth Plan (1997-2002) was approved by the N.D.C. on 16th January, 1997.

Objectives:

i.) Priority to agriculture and rural development

ii.) Accelerating growth rate of economy

iii.) Food and nutritional security for all

iv.) Containing growth rate of population

v.) Empowerment of women and socially disadvantaged groups such as SC/ST, backward classes and minorities.

vi.) Promoting and developing participatory institutions like "Panchayati Raj" institutions, co-operatives and self-help groups.

TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2002-07)

On December 21, 2002, the Tenth Five Year Plan was approved by the National Development Council (NDC). The Plan has further developed the NDC mandated objectives, of doubling per capita income in 10 years, and achieving a growth rate of 8% of GDP per annum. An 8% growth rate is considered necessary for achieving the social and economic targets of Tenth Plan Keeping in mind decadal growth performance and the steady acceleration that the country has recorded in growth over the past two decades, it is a realisable target. The plan has a number of new features, such as, for the first time

(a) It recognises the rapid growth of labour force over the next decade

(b) Addresses the issue of poverty and the unacceptably low levels of social indicators

(c) Adopted a "differential development strategy" to equate national targets into balanced regional development as there is vast difference in the potentials and constraints of each state

(d) Recognises that the governance is perhaps one of the most important factors for ensuring realisation of the Plan

(e) Identifies measures to improve efficiency, unleash entrepreneurial energy, and promote rapid and sustainable growth

(f) Proposes major reforms for agricultural sector making 'agriculture' the core element of the Plan.

Since economic growth is not the only objective, the Plan aims at harnessing the benefits of growth to improve the quality of life of the people by setting the following key targets:

1. All children to be in school by 2003 and all children to complete five years of schooling by 2007

2. Reduction in poverty ratio from 26% to 21%

3. Growth in gainful employment to, at least, keep pace with addition to the labour force

4. Decadal population growth to reduce from 21.3% in 1991-2001 to 16.2% by 2001-11

5. Reducing gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by 50%

6. Literacy rate to increase from 65% in 1999-2000 to 75% in 2001

7. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to be reduced from 72 in 1999-2000, to 45 in 2007

8. .Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to be reduced from 4 per 1000 in 1999-2000 to 2 per 1000 in 2007

9. Providing portable drinking water in all villages

10. Cleaning of major polluted river stretches

11. Increase in forest/tree cover from 19% in 1999-2000 to 25% in 2007

ELEVENTH PLAN (2007-2012)

The United Progressive Alliance government issued a paper in the eleventh plan titled "Towards faster and more inclusive growth." According to the approach paper, the monitorable targets of five-year plan are:

1. GDP growth rate to be increased to 10% by the end of the plan;

2. Farm sector growth to be increased to 4%;

3. Creation of seven crore job opportunities;

4. Reduce educated unemployed youth to below 5 percent

5. Infant mortality rates to be reduced to 28 per 1000 births;

6. Maternal death rates to be reduced to 1 per 1000 births;

7. Clean drinking water to all by 2009;

8. Improve sex ratio to 935 by 2011-12 and to 950 by 2016-17;

9. Ensure electricity connection to all villages and broadband over power lines (BPL) households by 2009

10. Roads to all villages that have a population of 1000 and above by 2009;

11. Increase forest and tree cover by 5%;

12. Achieve the World Health Organization standard air quality in major cities by 2011-12;

13. Treat all urban wastewater by 2011-12 to clean river waters;

14. Increase energy efficiency by 20 percent by 2016-17

Modal paper/Practice paper for any Public Service Commission Management Exam

DMRC train operator model sample paper for 2012 written test
DMRC station controller, train operator model sample paper for 2012 written test
1. The proper system for education is:
(a) The present examination-system
(b) The examination-system with books
(c) Semester system
(d) Objective question paper
See Answer:

2. Hypothesis can not be stated in:
(a) Null and question form terms
(b) Declarative terms
(c) General terms.
(d) Directional terms
See Answer:


3. Satellite communication works through:
(a) Radar
(b) Transponder
(c) Receptor
(d) Transmitter
See Answer:

4. Computer can:
(a) Process both quantitative and qualitative information
(b) Store huge information
(c) Process information and fast accurately
(d) All of the above
See Answer:

5. Informal communication network with in the organization is known as:
(a) Grape vine communication
(b) Interpersonal communication
(c) Mass communication
(d) Interpersonal communication
See Answer:

6. Linear programming models solve problems dealing with:
(a) Relatives and absolutes
(b) Routes and mixes
(c) Dispersions and similarities
(d) Rupees and percentages
See Answer:

7. Hierarchy has been described as the Scalar process by:
(a) L. D. White
(b) P. H. Appleby
(c) Mooney and Reilley
(d) Gullick and Urwick
See Answer:

8. Henry Fayol supports the:
(a) Humanistic approach
(b) Mechanistic approach
(c) Organic approach
(d) Scientific approach
See Answer:

9. The main focus of Human Relations theory is on:
(a) Formal organization
(b) Informal organization
(c) Individual
(d) Participatory decision making
See Answer:

10. Environment is synonymous with:
(a) Task
(b) Relations
(c) People
(d) Situational variables
See Answer:

11. An organization principle based upon divisions of Labour is called:
(a) Line organization
(b) Functional organization
(c) Informal organization
(d) None of the above
See Answer:

12. In the organization, authority flows in a vertical line:
(a) From the top downward
(b) From the bottom upward
(c) Both ways downward and upward
(d) None of these
See Answer:

13. Match the following:
A. Advisory function 1. Staff executives
B. Manpower development 2. Directing
C. Guiding function 3. Line executives
D. Managerial authority 4. Staffing
Codes:
A B C D
(a) 1 4 3 2
(b) 1 3 4 2
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 2 1 3 4
See Answer:

14. Dorwin Cartwright and Alvin Zander identified the following two variables:
(i) Employee-oriented
(ii) Production-oriented
(iii) Goal-oriented
(iv) Group -oriented
The correct code is:
(a) (i) and (U)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
See Answer:

15. Quantitative techniques used to solve business problems are called:
(a) operations management
(b) operation science
(c) operation research
(d) management operation
See Answer:

16. Assertion (A): A tenet of scientific management is co-operation and harmony between workers and managers.
Reason (R): Taylor believed in participative management.
In the context of the above two statements which one of the following is correct?
(a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true.
See Answer:

17. Assertion (A): According to Taylor, one of the best way of doing each task leads to increase in productivity in organization.
Reason (R): It was the management’s responsibility alone to find out this one of the best way.
Codes:
(a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
See Answer:

18. Which of the following creates time utility?
(a) Farmer
(b) Carpenter
(c) Trader
(d) Driver
See Answer:

19. Match the following:
A. Responsiveness of demand to change in price 1. Income elasticity of demand
B. Responsiveness of demand to change in tastes 2. Price elasticity of demand
C. Responsiveness of demand to change in income 3. Cross elasticity of demand
D. Responsiveness of demand to change in price 4. Taste elasticity of demand
of related goods.
Codes:
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 2 4 1 3
See Answer:

20. Assertion (A): The theory and hypotheses of Argyris suggest no relationship between personal development of the individual and the organizational situation.
Reason (R): The principles and characteristics of a formal organization, in the opinion of Argyris, are incongruent to the needs of adult human beings.
Codes:
(a) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
See Answer:

21. Management by objectives is implemented in an organization by stages, one such stage action planning, includes:
I. Assigning responsibilities for achieving objectives
II. Choosing strategies appropriate to the objectives
III. Allocating resources for achieving objectives
IV. Scheduling specific activities to achieve maximum resource utilization
Identify from th following combinations the correct sequence in which the action planning stages are implemented
(a) I, II, III, IV
(b) II, III, IV, I
(c) III, IV, I, II
(d) II, I, III, IV
See Answer:

22. What is BIS?
(a) Business Information System
(b) Business of Industrial Sale
(c) Bureau of Indian Standard
(d) None of the above
See Answer:

23. Match List-I (Activity) with List-Il (Associated organization) and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists:
List-I List-II
A. Mutual fund 1. Stock exchange
B. Public issue of capital 2. Assets management company
C. Forward trading 3. Merchant banking
D. Option pricing 4. Forex market
Codes:
A B C D
(a) 3 2 4 1
(b) 3 2 1 4
(c) 2 3 1 4
(d) 2 3 4 1
See Answer:

24. Which of the following are the methods of market new issues of securities?
I. Listing of securities
II. Jobbers and brokers
III. Private placement of securities
IV. Privileged subscriptions
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Codes:
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) III and IV
(d) I, II, III, and IV
See Answer:

25. SEBI was established in:
(a) 1993
(b) 1992
(c) 1988
(d) 1990
See Answer:

26. Increase in net RBI credit for central government represents:
(a) Budgetary Deficit
(b) Revenue Deficit
(c) Fiscal Deficit
(d) Monetized Deficit
See Answer:

27. The famous book “The Philosophy of Management” was written by:
(a) Henry Fayol
(b) Oliver Scheldon
(c) F. W. Taylor
(d) Urwick
See Answer:

28. Arrange the following ingredients of communication process in the proper order:
1. Message
2. Receiver
3. Encoder
4. Channel
5. Decoder
(a) 1, 3, 2, 5, 4
(b) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5
(c) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
(d) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5
See Answer:

29. Marginal Revenue will be negative if the demand is:
(a) Relatively elastic
(b) Unitary elastic
(c) Relatively inelastic
(d) Perfectly elastic
See Answer:

30. Price control; is one of the monopoly regulations which is most advantageous for:
(a) The producer
(b) The consumer
(c) The government
(d) The seller
See Answer:

31. Which one of the following is considered as the first principle of organization?
(a) Delegation
(b) Co-ordination
(c) Unity of command
(d) Supervision
See Answer:

32. Find the odd one out:
(a) Human relations theory
(b) Informal functioning
(c) Humanistic theory
(d) Structural theory
See Answer:

33. The real aim of production is:
(a) To create material goods
(b) To eliminate poverty
(c) To satisfy people’s wants
(d) To provide basic necessities.
See Answer:

34. At the point of inflexion, the marginal utility is:
(a) Increasing
(c) Maximum
(b) Decreasing
(d) Negative
See Answer:

35. “Production” may be defined as an act of:
(a) Creating utility
(b) Earning profit
(c) Destroying utility
(d) Providing services
See Answer:

36. The Scientific Management stressed upon:
1. Rationality
2. Specialization
3. Technical Competence
4. Predictability
Select the correct code:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2, 3 and 4
(d) l, 2, 3 and 4
See Answer:

37. Arrange the Maslow’s Need Hierarchy in the descending order:
1. Social
2. Self-Actualization
3. Physiological
4. Ego
5. Security
(a) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
(b) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4
(c) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
(d) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3
See Answer:

38. According to which theory, leadership is multi dimensional?
(a) Behavioural Theory
(b) Situational Theory
(c) Trait Theory
(d) None of the above
See Answer:

39. Which of the following according to Hertzberg are not the motivators?
1. Responsibility
2. Recognition
3. Interpersonal relations
4. Work itself
See Answer:

40. The practice of placing a candidate at the right job is:
(a) Selection
(b) Placement
(c) Interview
(d) None of these
See Answer:

41. Selection process in any organization is usually proceeded by the preparation of:
(a) Human resources audit
(b) Operations audit
(c) Human resources inventory
(d) Human resources accounting
See Answer:

42. A written statement of the main duties and responsibilities which a particular job entails is called:
(a) Job analysis
(b) Job specification
(c) Job description
(d) Job evaluation
See Answer:

43. Partnership is a form of business organization in which business debts can be recovered from:
(a) The managing partners
(b) MI the managers and partners
(c) The firm and the managers
(d) The firm and all the partners
See Answer:

44. The main objective of Stock Exchange is to:
(a) Provide facilities for speculation
(b) Safeguard the interest of investors
(c) Help in the capital formation in the country
(d) Provide a ready market for securities
See Answer:

45. Contango charge is paid by a:
(a) Bull speculator to bear speculator
(b) Bear speculator to bull speculator
(c) Lame duck to bull speculator
(d) Bull to lane duck speculator
See Answer:

46. MRTP Act came into force in:
(a) 1969
(b) 1970
(c) 1971
(d) 1980
See Answer:

47. Dumping is an example of:
(a) Monopolistic practice in international trade
(b) Monopoly in international trade
(c) Oligopoly in international trade
(d) Perfect competition in international trade
See Answer:

48. A critical activity is defined as one whose:
(a) Total float is zero
(b) Free float is zero
(c) Duration is the longest
(d) None of the above
See Answer:

49.‘t’ Distribution was discovered by:
(a) Karl Pearson
(b) Fisher
(c) Laplace
(d) Gosset
See Answer:

50. Scheduled bank is that bank which is:
(a) Nationalized
(b) Not nationalized
(c) Bared at foreign country
(d) Include in the second schedule of RBI
See Answer:
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CAT 2012:CAT 2012 Paper Pattern and Syllabus

CAT 2012 Paper Pattern and Syllabus - CAT 2012

There is no set or defined syllabus for the exam. CAT examination mostly consists of quantitative ability, data interpretation and English multiple type questions.

CAT 2012 Syllabus for English :
Comprehension of passage, Verbal Reasoning, Syllogisms , Contextual usage, Analogies, Antonyms, Fill In the Blanks, Foreign language words used in English, Sentence completion, Sentence correction, idioms, Errors in word choice, mania & phobia, Incorrect words, Conditionals & Multiple Usage , Punctuation, Proverb, , one word substitution, Different usage of same word Phrasal verb etc.

CAT 2012 Syllabus for Quantitative Ability :
● Geometry, (Lines, angles, Triangles, Spheres, Rectangles, Cube, Cone etc)
● Ratios and Proportion, Ratios, Percentages, In-equations
● Quadratic and linear equations
● Algebra
● Mensuration, Alligation & Mixtures, Work, Pipes and Cisterns
● Instalment Payments, Partnership, Clocks
● Probability, Permutations & Combinations
● Profit & Loss
● Averages, Percentages, Partnership
● Time-Speed-Distance, Work and time
● Number system: HCF, LCM, Geometric Progression, Arithmetic progression, Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean , Harmonic mean, Median, Mode, Number Base System, BODMAS, etc.

CAT 2012 Syllabus for Data Interpretation & Logical Reasoning :
● Data Interpretation based on text, Data Interpretation based on graphs and tables. visit tutorial>>
● Graphs can be Column graphs, Graphs representing Area, Bar Graphs, Line charts, Pie Chart, Venn Diagram, etc.
● Graphs can be Column graphs, Graphs representing Area, Bar Graphs, Line charts, Pie Chart, Venn Diagram, etc.
● Critical reasoning, Visual reasoning, Assumption-Premise-Conclusion, Assertion and reasons, Statements and conclusions, Cause and Effect, Identifying Probably true, Probably false, definitely true, definitely false kind of statement, Linear arrangements, identifying Strong arguments and Weak arguments, Matrix arrangements.

GK/GA/BA :
● Current Affairs, Business, Punch line of companies, Top officials of big companies, Major corporate events
● Science, History, Geography, International organisations
● Important quotations
● Social issues, Sports, Finance, Automobiles, Entertainment, Politics etc.
● Famous award and prizes
● World Records
● Books and authors

Intelligence Bureau (IB) Recruitment of Assistant Central Intelligence Officer (ACIO) 2012 and modal papers

Intelligence Bureau (IB), ACIO-II / Executive Jobs 2012 – 750 Posts

Intelligence Bureau (IB) Recruitment of Assistant Central Intelligence Officer (ACIO) – 750 Posts

On-line applications are invited from Indian nationals for direct recruitment to the post of Assistant Central Intelligence Officer, Grade II/Executive, General Central Service, Group–C (Non-Gazetted/Non-Ministerial) in the Intelligence Bureau, (Ministry of Home Affairs), Government of India. The details are as follows :

No. of  Posts : 750 (GEN – 80 ; OBC – 334 ; SC – 225 and ST – 111).

Pay Scale : Rs.9300-34800/- with Grade Pay of Rs.4200/- (plus admissible allowances in the Bureau).

Educational Qualification : Graduation or equivalent from a recognised University

Note : Candidates who have appeared in the graduation or other equivalent examination and whose results have not been declared by the closing date are not eligible and as such they need not apply.

Desirable : Knowledge of Computers

Age Limit : 27 years (Relaxation – SC/ST – 5 yrs ; OBC – 3 yrs)

Note : The date of birth (as well as the name) will invariably be taken as recorded in the Matriculation certificate. No other proof of date of birth shall be accepted.

Mode of Selection : Written Test followed by Interview

Scheme of Examination : The written examination for the post of ACIO-II/Exe contains two papers namely Paper I (Objective type) and Paper II (Descriptive type on English language only). The total duration for both the Papers is 1 hour and 40 minutes.

Examination Fee : Rs.100/- (NO Fee for SC/ST/Women) – only through State Bank of India Challan (Cash deposit) or on-line account with State Bank of India (Internet Banking) or through ATM-cum-Debit card of State Bank of India only.

How to Apply : Applications should be submitted only through ON-LINE registration. Applications will not be accepted through any other mode.

Last Date : 19th August 2012

For further details : Notification-Intelligence-Bureau-Asst-Central-Intelligence-Officer-Post – Copy

To Apply ONLINE : https://www.onlinesubmit.in/mha/

for modal papers click here:http://gkpapers.blogspot.com/

13th President of India : Pranab Mukherjee

Pranab Mukherjee is the new President of India.

UPA presidential candidate and former finance minister Pranab
Mukherjee got the magic figures (around 5.18 lakh worth of votes) to
become new President of India. He got the required number during the
ongoing counting of votes at Parliament House here on Sunday. The
formal announcement to this effect will be made soon by the Election
Commission of India after completion of the counting process.

Mukherjee got the magic figure during the counting of votes of
Maharashtra. Though counting of votes of 15 more states are still
awaited, it will only have academic value.

As expected, the UPA constituents and its key supporting parties like
SP, BSP, RJD and others had supported Mukherjee. Besides, he also got
the support of opposition parties like Shiv Senaand JD(U).

Mukherjee defeated the BJP-backed presidential candidate P A Sangma.
The former NCP leader Sangma got his votes mainly from the MPs belong
to BJP, BJD, SAD and AIADMK. Among MLAs, he got votes mostly in
BJP-ruled states like Goa, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.
Interestingly, the BJP-ruled Karnataka witnessed cross-voting during
Presidential poll. Ongoing counting shows that over a dozen BJP MLAs
might have voted in favour of Pranab Mukherjee who got 117 votes.
Sangma got 103 votes in the state.

Mukherjee got the overwhelming support of Parliamentarians (Lok Sabha
and Rajya Sabha MPs) in the President's election securing a vote value
of 3,73,116. He got the remaining vote value (1.36lakh) to reach the
magic number (majority mark of 5.18) lakh) from the MLAs who cast
their votes in his favour.

Sangma, on the other hand, managed to get a vote value of only
1,45,848 in the counting of votes of MPs. His vote value increased to
over 2.2 lakh when votes of MLAs of BJP-ruled states counted.

A total of 748 MPs voted in the election on July 19. Of the total
votes, Mukherjee got 527 votes while Sangma got 206. Fifteen votes
including that of SP chief Mulayam Singh Yadav were invalid.

Counting of ballots began amidst tight security in Parliament House
here in the presence of authorised representatives of both Mukherjee
and Sangma at 11am. First trend came around 1pm after counting of
votes of all MPs.

Authorised representatives if both the Presidential candidates
inspected the seals of the ballot boxes and the counting began after
ascertaining that they were not tampered with.

As many as 95 per cent of the 4,896 electors -- 776 MPs and 4,120 MLAs
-- had exercised their franchise on Thursday at the polling centres
set up in Parliament House and 30 other states and Union territories
with assemblies.

All the ballot boxes from the states had reached Parliament House by
Saturday and were kept in a strong room.

The vote of SP chief Mulayam Singh Yadav had been declared invalid by
the Election Commission on the ground that he violated the code of
secrecy by revealing his ballot. Yadav had initially voted for Sangma
and then tore the ballot paper when he realised his mistake.

From: http://gkspecialist.blogspot.in/2012/07/pranab-mukherjee-voted-indias-13th.html

Current Affairs :India's First Food Bank in New Delhi

India's First Food Bank in New Delhi
With the objective of making India hunger-free by 2020, the Centre
announced on June 8, 2012 the launch of the country's first Food Bank
in New Delhi as part of the India Food Banking Network (IFBN). The
announcement was made by Dr. Sam Pirroda, Adviser to the Prime
Minister, and Ms. Sheila Dikshit, the Chief Minister of Delhi.

Dr. Pirtoda described the Food Bank as an effort to bring the
government, private sector and NGOs together to fight hunger and
malnutrition in the country. Noting that food banks are operational in
more than 30 nations globally, he highlighted that these banks were
being set up to help create a converging space for the government, the
corporates and civil society organizations to channel their key
capabilities towards a common goal : development through hunger relief
management.

The operating procedure of the food bank will be simple. On receiving
information regarding a donor, or on being contacted by a donor who
wants to offer food, the Food Bank would contact the logistics partner
to pick up the donated products from the donor location and deliver
them to a warehouse. The warehouse would serve a number of
institutional feeding programmers. The food products would then be
collected by organizations running feeding programmes from the Delhi
Food Bank warehouse, to aid their beneficiaries.

Study Material for GS:Famous Historical Monuments of India

Name	Place	Built by
Ajanta- Ellora Caves	Aurangabad (Maharashtra)	Gupta rulers
Aram Bagh	Agra (UP)	Babur
Agra Fort	Agra (UP)	Akbar
Akbar's Mausoleum	Sikandra (UP)	Akbar
Itmad-ud-daula Fort	Agra (UP)	Noorjahan
Anand Bhawan	Allahabad (UP)	Motilal Nehru
Bada Imambara	Lucknow (UP)	Asaf-ud-daula
Bharatpur Fort	Bharatpur (Rajasthan)	Raja Surajmal Singh
Bibi Ka Maqbara	Aurangabad (Maharashtra)	Aurangzeb
CharMinar	Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)	Quli Qutub Shah
Charar-e- Shar	Jammu & Kashmir	Zainul Abedin
Chhota Imambara	Lucknow (UP)	Muhammad Ali Shah
Dargah Ajmer Sharif	Ajmer (Rajasthan)	Sultan Shyasuddin
Dilwara's Jain Temple	Mount Abu (Rajasthan)	Siddharaja
Deewan-e- Khas	Agra Fort (UP)	Shahjahan
Adhai Din Ka Jhopra	Ajmer (Rajasthan)	Qutubuddin Aibak
Elephanta's cave	Mumbai (Maharashtra)	Rashtrakuta rulers
Fatehpur Sikri	Agra (UP)	Akbar
Ferozshah Kotla	Delhi	Ferozshan Tughlaq
Golghar	Patna (Bihar)	British Govt.
Gateway of India	Mumbai (Maharashtra)	British Govt.
Hauz Khas	Delhi	Alauddin Khilji
Hawa Mahal	Jaipur (Rajasthan)	Maharaja Pratap Singh
Humayun's Tomb	Delhi	Humayun's wife
Jama Masjid	Agra (UP)	Shahjahan
Jama masjid	Delhi	Shahjahan
Jagannath Temple	Puri (Odisha)	Anantvarman Ganga
Jantar-Mantar	Delhi	Sawai Jai Singh
Jaigarh Fort	Jaipur (Rajasthan)	Sawai Jai Singh
Jim Corbett Park	Nainital (Uttarakhand)	Sir Malcom Hailley
Jodhpur Fort	Jodhpur (Rajasthan)	Rao Jodhaji
Kanheri's Fort	Mumbai (Maharashtra)	Buddhists
Khirki Masjid	Delhi	Ghyasuddin Tughlaq
Lal Bagh	Bangaluru (Karnataka)	Hyder Ali
Lakshmi Narayan Temple	Delhi	Birla Family
Makka Masjid	Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)	Quli Qutub Shah
Moti Masjid	Agra Fort (UP)	Shahjahan
Moti Masjid	Delhi Fort	Aurangzeb
Nahargarh Fort	Jaipur (Rajasthan)	Sawai Jai Singh
Nishat Garden	Srinagar (J & K)	Asaf Ali
Purana Qila	Delhi	Shershan Suri
Pathar Ki Masjid	Patna (Bihar)	Pervez Shah
President House	Delhi	British Govt.
Qutub Minar	Delhi	Qutubuddin Aibak
Red Fort	Delhi	Shahjahan
Safdar Jung Tomb	Delhi	Shuja-ud-daula
Sabarmati Ashram	Ahmadabad (Gujarat)	Mahatma Gandhi
Shantiniketan	West Bengal	Rabindra Nath Tagore
Shish Mahal	Agra (UP)	Shahjahan
Shalimar Garden	Srinagar (J & K)	Jahangir
Shershah's Tomb	Sasaram (Bihar)	Shershah's son
Saint George Fort	Chennai (Tamil Nadu)	East India Company
Sati Buri	Mathura (UP)	Raja Bhagwan Das
Sun Temple	Kornak (Odisha)	Narsimhadeva I
Swarna Mandir (Golden Temple)	Amritsar (Punjab)	Guru Ramdas
Tajmahal	Agra (UP)	Shahjahan
Vellure Math	Kolkata (West Bengal)	Swami Vivekanand
Victoria Memorial	Kolkata (West Bengal)	British Govt.
Vishnupad Temple	Gaya (Bihar)	Rani Ahiliabai
Vijaya Stambha	Chittorgarh (Rajasthan)	Maharana Kumbha

Science: US develops drone that can stay in sky for 48 hours

Scientists in the US claimed to have developed a new 'silent drone'
that has an increased flight time of about 48 hours, an invention
which is expected to further strengthen the country's surveillance.

The Stalker Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), developed by aerospace
company Lockheed Martin, has been kept in the air for 48 hours using a
radical new laser power system during trials.

This increase in flight time represents an improvement of 2,400 per
cent and could eventually keep military spy drones in the sky forever,
the developers said. The small, silent UAS is already used by Special
Operations Forces since 2006 to perform intelligence, surveillance and
reconnaissance missions.

read more http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/us-develops-drone-that-can-stay-in-sky-for-48-hours-244753

Current Affairs:7th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Western Zonal Council held at Goa 2nd July, 2012

The 7th meeting of the Standing Committee of Western Zonal Council,
comprising of Chief Secretaries of Goa, Gujarat and Maharashtra, and
Administrator of U.T. of Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli was held
under the Chairmanship of Chief Secretary of Goa in Panaji on 2nd
July, 2012. Senior officers of the member States of the Council,
representatives of the concerned central Ministries as well as
officers of the Inter State Council Secretariat attended the meeting.

The meeting discussed the various agenda items proposed by the State
Governments, UT Administration and Central Ministries for discussion
in the next meeting of the Western Zonal Council and finalized the
agenda items. Important issues like coastal security, women & child
trafficking, sharing of crime information etc figure in the final
agenda for the Western Zonal Council which is expected to meet in Goa
sometime in September, 2012.

Current Affairs : Gutka and Pan Masala Ban:!

The Government of Maharashtra banned Gutka and Pan Masala on 11 July
2012. The State Cabinet decided to ban the manufacturing, sale and
distribution of these products. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had
initiated this proposal under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
and Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.

It aims to reduce the number of cases that are related to the oral and
other forms of cancer that are increasing day by day. In addition, the
Non Government Organization was also forcing for the ban from last few
years. 60 percent of people consume gutka in Maharashtra who lies in
the age group between 14-16 years.

The gutka was consumed by the resident of the state worth Rs 360 Crore
on daily basis. The Government decided that if any person will offend
this law then that person can be imprisoned for 6 months to three
years.

These states have already banned gutka Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar
and Uttar Pradesh but Maharashtra is the first state to ban Pan
Masala.

Agriculture and Food :Country’s First Mega Food Park Opens in Andhra Pradesh

Agriculture and Food Processing Industries Minister, Shri Sharad Pawar
inaugurated the Srini mega food park at Chittoor in Andhra Pradesh
yesterday. This is the first mega food park in the country.

From seed to shelf, Srini Food Park facilitates end-to-end food
processing with beneficial forward and backward linkages. On par with
software parks, this new-age facility is equipped with Central
Processing Centre and Primary Processing Centres. It aims at becoming
a pioneering infrastructure enabler and facilitator for the Food
Processing Industry.

As a model `Mega Food Park` and the first of its kind in
India, Srini provides state-of-the-art food processing infrastructure
designed as per global standards and develops a veritable market place
with common facilities on the lines of a software park or a textile
park. Mega Food Park is promoted by experienced professionals and
supported by the government (the Ministry of Food Processing
Industries and the Andhra Pradesh Infrastructure Investment
Corporation) and is intended to benefit all components of the value
chain.

Nestled in a sprawling 147-acre space, Srini Food Park provides
world-class facilities for pulping, IQF, bottling, tetra packing,
modular cold storage, warehousing and advanced testing lab. It enables
basic and supply chain infrastructure, cluster farming and is ably
backed by field collection centers, self help groups and individual
farmers. Srini Food Park will empower food industry with
state-of-the-art infrastructure and quality raw material sourcing.

With the highest growth in the fruits and vegetables sector (20%) and
with Chittoor being the largest fruits and vegetables cluster in
India, this Mega Food Park becomes an ideal destination for food
processing units.

Study Material :Different Types of Awards (India & World)

Nobel Prize • It is the most coveted international award of the world. • It was instituted by the inventor of dynamite, Alfred Bernard Nobel (1833-96) • The award is given on Dec.10, which is the death anniversary of its founder. • Nobel made a trust from the money that he earned through the patent of his invention whose interest is used to give the money for the Nobel Prizes. • Nobel Prize is given every year to those eminent person who have made pioneering achievements in the field of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Peace, Literature and Economics. • Apart from Economics, all other categories have been given since 1901. Economics Nobel Prize was in 1967 and was first given in 1969. Other Awards and Prizes Pulitzer Prize • It was instituted in 1970 and named after the US Publisher Joseph Pulitzer. • It is conferred annually in the USA for accomplishments in journalism, literature and music. Magsaysay Awards • They were instituted in 1957 and named after Ramon Magsaysay, the late President of Philippines, who died in an air crash. • This award is given annually on August 31, for outstanding contributions to Public service, community leadership, journalism, literature and creative arts and international understanding. • They are often regarding as the Nobel Prize of Asia. Booker Prize • It is the highest literary award given to the authors of British, Irish and Commonwealth countries. • It is instituted in 1968 by the Booker Company and the British Publishers Association along the lines of Pulitzer Prize of US. • Booker Prize has been renamed as Man Booker Prize, as the sponsorship has been taken by the Man Group, an international stockbroker. Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding • It was instituted in 1965 by the Government of India. • It is given annually to persons for outstanding contributions to the promotion of international understanding and goodwill among the people of the world. Oscar Awards • These awards were instituted in 1929 and conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures in USA. • These are considered the most prestigious award in the cinema world. • The first Indian to get an Oscar was Bhanu Athaiya for the movie ‘Gandhi’. • Satyajit Ray was the First Indian who was awarded Oscar for lifetime achievements in cinema in 1992. Right Livelihood Award • It was instituted in 1980 by the Right Livelihood Society, London. • It is renowned as alternate Nobel Award to promote and contribute in the field of environment and social justice. Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize • It was instituted in 1995 by the Government of India. • It is presented for international peace on the lines of Nobel Prize. UNESCO Peace Prize • It is presented by United Nation Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for extraordinary contribution for international peace. UNESCO Human Right Award • It is also presented by UNESCO for contributions in the field of Human Rights Awareness. • It is given every alternate year. UN Human Right Award • It is presented by United Nation (UN) for personal contribution for the cause of human rights. • It is presented every sixth year. World Food Prize • It is presented by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), one of the branches of UNO, for the cause of agriculture and food development. Olympic Gold Order • It is presented by the International Olympic Committee for distinguished services in the development of the OLYMPIC MOVEMENT. Indira Gandhi Award for International Peace, Disarmament and Development • It is presented by Indira Gandhi Memorial Fund for specialized contribution in the filed of International disarmament and development. Bharat Ratna • It is the highest civilian award of India. It is presented by the Government of India. • It is presented for exceptional public service and rarest achievements in the field of art, literature and science. • It was instituted in 1954 and the first recipient was Dr. Radhakrishnan. • Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award for distinguished services in any field including Government service. • Padma Bhushan and Padma Shree are the other important civilian awards. Bhartiya Jnanpeeth Awards • It was instituted in 1965 and is given for distinguished works in any reconised language by a scholar. Sahitya Akademi Award • It was instituted in 1955 and is given for any exclusive writing in any of the 22 languages including English literature during last 5 years. Murtidevi Award • It was constituted in 1948 and is given in any Indian language or English literature, for distinguished contribution to Indian values. Saraswati Samman • It was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation and is given for any distinguished literary work made during last 10 years in any of the Indian language. Tansen Awards • These awards are given by the Government of Madhya Pradesh for the outstanding contribution in the field of music. Vyas Samman • It was instituted in 1992 by K. K. Birla Foundation for outstanding contribution to Hindi literature. Iqbal Samman • These awards are given by the Government of Madhya Pradesh for the outstanding contribution in the field of literature. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Awards • These awards are given to the Indian scientist for their exceptional performance. R. D. Birla Award • These awards are given in the field of medical sciences. Dhanvantri Award • These awards are given for the extra ordinary performance in medical sciences. Arjuna Awards • These were instituted in 1961and given by Sports Ministry, Government of India. • These are given for the special achievements in different types of sports. Dronacharya Awards • These were instituted in 1985 and given by Sports Ministry, Government of India. • These are given to sports coaches. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna • It was instituted in 1962 and is presented for commendable display by the players. Gallantry Awards • Param Vir Chakra : It is India’s highest award for bravery. • Mahavir Chakra : It is the second highest gallantry award. • Vir Chakra : It is the third highest gallantry award. • Ashok Chakra : It is the highest peace-time gallantry award.

Importance of Group Discussion - Some crucial GD Tips

Group Discussion is a very important round in any selection process, be it for an MBA course, campus recruitment or for any graduate/post graduate degree. The selection committee conducts GD to gauge whether the candidate has certain personality traits and/or skills that it desires in its members, say for example

§ Ability to work in a team
§ Communication skills
§ Leadership skills
§ Reasoning ability
§ Initiativeness
§ Assertiveness
§ Creatibility
§ Flexibility
§ Ability to think and act independently
Let's discuss some few relevant points which one should remember while appearing for a GD. One needs to know what one's objective in the group is---- to be noticed by the panel and to contribute meaningfully in an attempt to help the group reach the right consensus.

1) The first thing is that the panel should notice you. Merely making a meaningful contribution and helping the group arrive at a consensus is not enough.

· You must ensure that the group hears you. If the group hears you, so will the evaluator.

· You need to be assertive. It depends on you how you steer the group in the right direction, once it gets stuck to something. This gives you the chance to showcase your leadership skills.

read more at http://www.successcds.net/MBA-Admission/Group-discussion-GD-Tips.html

Space News:Sunita Williams all set for second space sojourn

Sunita Williams all set for second space sojourn

Indian-American Sunita Williams, a record-setting astronaut who lived and worked aboard the International Space Station for six months in 2006, is all set for her second space odyssey.

46-year-old Williams is scheduled to take off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 8.40 am tomorrow (8.10 am ISI) with Flight Engineers Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency and Akihiko Hoshide of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, NASA said.

The three crew members will join the Expedition 32 crew aboard the International Space Station when their Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft docks to the orbiting complex on Tuesday. 

According to NASA, Williams, a flight engineer, and her colleagues will be aboard the station during an exceptionally busy period that includes two spacewalks, the arrival of Japanese, US commercial and Russian resupply vehicles, and an increasingly faster pace of scientific research. 
Williams, whose father hailed from Gujarat, was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1998. She was assigned to the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 14 and then joined Expedition 15. She holds the record of the longest spaceflight (195 days) for woman space travellers. 

She received a master's degree from the Florida Institute of Technology in 1995. 

In the space, Williams, who will become commander of Expedition 33, and her team of astronauts plan an orbital sporting event to mark the Summer Olympics in London. 

Meanwhile, in orbit high above the Earth, Expedition 32 Flight Engineer Joe Acaba focused on cleaning the exhaust and intake ducts of the Starboard Crew Quarters yesterday to prepare them for the arrival of new crewmates, NASA said.

Acaba also swapped out batteries on the Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students (EarthKAM) camera in the Window Observational Research Facility inside the Destiny laboratory.

EarthKAM is a student-operated photography experiment that allows middle school students to programme a digital camera aboard the station to photograph a variety of geographical targets for study in the classroom.

read more at http://allexamguru.blogspot.in/2012/07/sunita-williams-all-set-for-second.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+AllExamGuru+(All+Exam+Guru)

Prime Ministers of India with political parties

Name	Tenure	Party
Dr. Manmohan Singh	May 22, 2004 - till date	INC
Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee	March 19, 1998 - May 22, 2004	Bharatiya Janata Party
Shri Inder Kumar Gujral	April 21, 1997 - March 19, 1998	Janata Dal
Shri H. D. Deve Gowda	June 1, 1996 - April 21, 1997	Janata Dal
Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee	May 16, 1996 - June 1, 1996	Bharatiya Janata Party
Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao	June 21, 1991- May 16, 1996	Congress (I)
Shri Chandra Shekhar	November 10, 1990 - June 21, 1991	Janata Dal (S)
Shri Vishwanath Pratap Singh	December 2, 1989 - November 10, 1990	Janata Dal
Shri Rajiv Gandhi	October 31, 1984 - December 2, 1989	Congress (I)
Mrs. Indira Gandhi	January 14, 1980 - October 31, 1984	Congress (I)
Shri Charan Singh	July 28, 1979 - January 14, 1980	Janata Party
Shri Morarji Desai	March 24, 1977 - July 28, 1979	Janata Party
Mrs. Indira Gandhi	January 24, 1966 - March 24, 1977	Congress
Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda	January 11, 1966 - January 24, 1966	Congress
Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri	June 9, 1964 - January 11, 1966	Congress
Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda	May 27, 1964 - June 9, 1964	Congress
Shri Jawaharlal Nehru	August 15, 1947 - May 27, 1964	Congress

syllabus of Delhi Police SI exam 2012 :English and modal papers

The Exam would be conducted on August 19. Exam is based on
1.Vocabulary
2.Spelling
3.Paragraph based questions

4. Spotting
5.Idioms and phrases

Directions—(Q. 1–4) Choose the word/group of words which is most

similar in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used

in the passage.


1. COSMETIC

(A) Enhancive (B) Beauty

(C) Augmentative (D) Superficial

(E) Aesthetic

Ans : (D)


2. STAGGERING

(A) Weaving (B) Astounding

(C) Lurching (D) Stumbling

(E) Unsteady

Ans : (B)


3. CONSCIOUS

(A) Unknown (B) Mindful

(C) Self-aware (D) Awake

(E) Alert

Ans : (D)


4. DRAMATIC

(A) Remarkable (B) Moving

(C) Theatrical (D) Histrionic

(E) Staged

Ans : (A)


Directions—(Q. 5–7) Choose the word/group of words which is most

opposite in meaning to the word/group of words printed in bold as used

in the passage.


5. INTENSE

(A) Smooth (B) Serious

(C) Low (D) Diluted

(E) Jovial

Ans : (C)


6. TACTICAL

(A) Unplanned (B) Uniform

(C) Devious (D) Premeditated

(E) Deformed

Ans : (A)


7. INEVITABLE

(A) Certain (B) Unforeseeable

(C) Unavoidable (D) Inescapable

(E) Perdictable

Ans : (B)

Click here for more practice papers :

English Language Test 

English

Study Material for GS: World Heritage Sites

World Heritage Sites are extremely exceptional cultural and natural properties nominated voluntarily by signatory nations, which have been approved for inclusion in the List by the World Heritage Committee.

In 1972, worldwide concern over the potential destruction of the Earth's cultural and natural heritage led the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) to establish an international treaty called the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. More commonly known as the World Heritage Convention, it aims to identify, celebrate and protect the Earth's irreplaceable natural and cultural heritage, and to ensure it is conserved for all people, for all time.

For the purposes of the World Heritage Convention, the following are considered as "cultural heritage":

a) Monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;
b) Groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;
c) Sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and of man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological points of view.

For the purposes of the World Heritage Convention, the following are considered as "natural heritage":

a) Natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view;
b) Geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation;
c) Natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty.

Benefits

A key benefit of ratification, particularly for developing countries, is access to the World Heritage Fund. Annually, about US$4 million is made available to assist States Parties in identifying, preserving and promoting World Heritage sites. Emergency assistance may also be made available for urgent action to repair damage caused by human-made or natural disasters. In the case of sites included on the List of World Heritage in Danger, the attention and the funds of both the national and the international community are focused on the conservation needs of these particularly threatened sites.

Sites inscribed on the World Heritage List also benefit from the elaboration and implementation of a comprehensive management plan that sets out adequate preservation measures and monitoring mechanisms. In support of these, experts offer technical training to the local site management team.

Finally, the inscription of a site on the World Heritage List brings an increase in public awareness of the site and of its outstanding values, thus also increasing the tourist activities at the site.

The Convention sets out the duties of States Parties in identifying potential sites and their role in protecting and preserving them. By signing the Convention, each country pledges to conserve not only the World Heritage sites situated on its territory, but also to protect its national heritage. The States Parties are encouraged to integrate the protection of the cultural and natural heritage into regional planning programmes, set up staff and services at their sites, undertake scientific and technical conservation research and adopt measures which give this heritage a function in the day-to-day life of the community.

The Convention stipulates the obligation of States Parties to report regularly to the World Heritage Committee on the state of conservation of their World Heritage properties. These reports are crucial to the work of the Committee as they enable it to assess the conditions of the sites, decide on specific programme needs and resolve recurrent problems. It also encourages States Parties to strengthen the appreciation of the public for World Heritage properties and to enhance their protection through educational and information programmes.

Western Ghats has been declared as World Heritage

A cluster of sites from the Western Ghats in peninsular India has been inscribed in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. The clusters of sites are in the landscapes of Agasthyamalai, Periyar, Anamalai, Nilgiris, and Upper Cauvery in Kodagu, Kudremukh, and Sahyadri. These constitute the thirty nine sites in seven sub-clusters of the Western Ghats, identified and proposed as a potential UNESCO World Natural Heritage Cluster Site, in 2006.  The proposal was made by the Ministry of Environment and Forests based on expert inputs from ATREE, Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun.

The Western Ghats are a biological hotspot harbouring 60 Important Bird Areas (IBA), 325 globally threatened species, many endemic species and sacred groves, across six states (Gujarat, Maharashtra,  Goa,  Karnataka,  Tamil Nadu and Kerala).

The area of 150,000 km2 boasts a varied ecosystem with a historical Gondwanaland origin and significant global value. The Ghats can lay claim to a unique landform and biodiversity; however they are also under threat of increased developmental pressure from energy needs. Coffee, tea and rubber plantations too have grown over the years, leaving the area with less undisturbed space.

Under the title of a Natural Heritage Site, it is expected that areas of the Western Ghats pronounced World Natural Heritage sites will be able to restrict some development, allowing these areas to be better conserved.

key words: World Heritage Convention,cultural heritage,Western Ghats