India's Population 2011

Current Population of India in 2011	1,210,000,000 (1.21 billion)
Total Male Population in India	623,700,000 (623.7 million)
Total Female Population in India	586,500,000 (586.5 million)
Sex Ratio	914 females per 1,000 males
Age structure
0 to 25 years	50% of India's current population
Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute.
India's Population in 2001	1.02 billion
Population of India in 1947	350 million

Current Population of India - India, with 1,210,000,000 (1.21 billion) people is the second most populous country in the world, while China is on the top with over 1,350,044,605 (1.35 billion) people. The figures show that India represents almost 17.31% of the world's population, which means one out of six people on this planet live in India. Although, the crown of the world's most populous country is on China's head for decades, India is all set to take the numero uno position by 2030. With the population growth rate at 1.58%, India is predicted to have more than 1.53 billion people by the end of 2030.

More than 50% of India's current population is below the age of 25 and over 65% below the age of 35. About 72.2% of the population lives in some 638,000 villages and the rest 27.8% in about 5,480 towns and urban agglomerations. The birth rate (child births per 1,000 people per year) is 22.22 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) while death rate (deaths per 1000 individuals per year) is 6.4 deaths/1,000 population. Fertility rate is 2.72 children born/woman (NFHS-3, 2008) and Infant mortality rate is 30.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 estimated). India has the largest illiterate population in the world. The literacy rate of India as per 2001 Population Census is 65.38%, with male literacy rate at 75.96% and female at 54.28%. Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 90.86%, Mizoram (88.80%) is on the second position and Lakshadweep (86.66%) is on third.

Every year, India adds more people than any other nation in the world, and in fact the individual population of some of its states is equal to the total population of many countries. For example, Population of Uttar Pradesh (state in India) almost equals to the population of Brazil. It, as per 2001 Population Census of India, has 190 million people and the growth rate is 16.16%. The population of the second most populous state Maharashtra, which has a growth rate of 9.42%, is equal to that of Mexico's population. Bihar, with 8.07%, is the third most populous state in India and its population is more than Germany's. West Bengal with 7.79% growth rate, Andhra Pradesh (7.41%) and Tamil Nadu (6.07%) are at fourth, fifth and sixth positions respectively. The sex ratio of India stands at 933. Kerala with 1058 females per 1000 males is the state with the highest female sex ratio. Pondicherry (1001) is second, while Chhatisgarh (990) and Tamil Nadu (986) are at third and fourth places respectively. Haryana with 861 has the lowest female sex ratio.

Some of the reasons for India's rapidly growing population are poverty, illiteracy, high fertility rate, rapid decline in death rates or mortality rates and immigration from Bangladesh and Nepal. Alarmed by its swelling population, India started taking measures to stem the growth rate quite early. In fact India by launching the National Family Planning programme in 1952 became the first country in the world to have a population policy. The family planning programme yielded some noticeable results, bringing down significantly the country's fertility rate. In 1965-2009, the contraceptive usage more than tripled and the fertility rate more than halved. The efforts did produce positive results, however, failed to achieve the ultimate goal and the population of India since getting independence from Britain in 1947 increased almost three times. Whereas India has missed almost all its targets to bring the rate of population growth under control, China's 'One Child Policy' in 1978, has brought tremendous results for the latter. The policy claims to have prevented between 250 and 300 million births from 1978 to 2000 and 400 million births from 1979 to 2010.

Census 2011: Indian population increased by 181 million

India's population rose to 1.21 billion people over the last 10 years
-- an increase by 181 million, according to the new census released
today, but significantly the growth rate is slower for the first time
in nine decades.

India is now home to a whopping 17.5 per cent population - compared to
China which hosts 19.4 per cent.

India now has as many people as  these countries put together: of the
United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan.

India has 623.7 million males and 586.5 million women.

A matter of overwhelming concern lies in the fact that the child sex
ratio has slipped to its lowest since India's independence.

For every 1000  male infants, there are 914 girls.

On the plus side, the overall population growth rate is 17.6 in 2011,
significantly lower than 2001 when it was 21.15 per cent.

The period covered by this census -2001 to 2011 - is the first decade,
with exception of 1911-1921, where the growth rate has declined, said
Registrar General of India and Census Commissioner of India C
Chandramauli.

Also welcome is the news that the literacy rate has increased from
64.83 per cent in
2001 to 74.04 per cent in 2011.

Among the states and Union territories, Uttar Pradesh is the most
populous state with 199 million people and Lakshadweep the least
populated at 64,429.

The combined population of UP and Maharashtra is bigger than that of the US.

The highest population density is in Delhi's north-east district
(37,346 per sq km) while the lowest is in Dibang Valley in Arunachal
Pradesh (just one per sq km).

Rajini Ready to start Robo 2 with same team and production house

Good news awaits Rajini fans even before the start of their Thalaivar's next venture 'Rana'. Yes, the Superstar is preparing himself for a sequel to 'Robo', his biggest blockbuster till date.

This has been revealed by none other than cinematographer Rathnavelu, who picturised 'Robo' and now getting ready to wield the camera for 'Rana' too. "Talks are currently on," he says.

Shedding more light, he says, "Rajini sir, Sun Pictures, Shankar, Rahman and myself will come together for Robo-2 too. Most members of Robo team will be retained. Shankar is currently making the script ready."

Saying that the movie would go on floors once Rajini completes 'Rana' and Shankar completes 'Nanban', a remake of '3 Idiots', Randy says he would soon leave for Scotland to zero in on locations for 'Rana'.

source:http://cinema.currentweek.net/2011/03/rajini-ready-to-start-robo-2-with-same.html

23rd march-1931: Indian revolutionaries Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and

1931: Indian revolutionaries Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev

 and  Rajguru was hanged

Noted Indian revolutionaries Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru was hanged in Lahore Central Jail has been given.

Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were hanged in Lahore Central Jail

Left-wing supporters of Bhagat Singh was 23 years old at that time only. But along with his revolutionary partner Boukkeshwar Dutt in New Delhi's Central Assembly eight April, 1929 by throwing bombs and pamphlets came to recognize his name in India. There was no casualty in the incident and Bhagat Singh said that his purpose only "the British government had to wake up." Both revolutionaries were arrested from the Central Assembly.

Then Bhagat Singh was accused of waging war against British rule.Simultaneously, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru Lahore conspiracy case against the run and was stuck in the same case. The matter wave of anger in many parts of India and the British Government secretly fueled feelings of Understanding Hussainiwala in Firozpur in Punjab also has the funeral of the three revolutionaries.

1940: Muslim League in Lahore-Pakistan 'offer

Pakistan's founder Mohammad Ali Jinnah is remembered as

Almost 63 years have passed since Pakistan came into being, but you know that Pakistan hard to become a major transit point came on March 23, 1940.

On the same day a group representing Muslims in British India Muslim League in Lahore, Pakistan after a proposed resolution that is being also known. Under this make fully autonomous and sovereign Muslim country proposed.

Now Pakistan Day on March 23 as is observed. At the same time in 1956 Pakistan's first Constitution was adopted the same day.

These killings were the two countries and the police Boaklah doubt that it favored a united and independent Ireland Aearc work. The suspect later turned out to be right.

1983: Reagan announced to destroy missiles in space

In 1983 the then U.S. President Ronald Reagan announced a move which means the cold war was put into space.

They face a nuclear war in space to the strategic defense Initiative announced that laser technology was proposed to destroy missiles in the sky.

Since these plans were known by the name of Star Wars film series which remained. But today the United States and Russia reversed its own - are working in their nuclear Zkheere loss.

Latest Syntel Fresher Jobs Interview Placement Paper Pattern 20-Feb-2011

Candidate Experience:-

Latest Syntel Fresher Jobs Interview Placement Paper Pattern 20-Feb-2011

Latest Syntel Fresher Jobs Interview Placement Paper Pattern 20-Feb-2011
Latest Syntel Fresher Jobs Interview Placement Paper Pattern 20-Feb-2011


Hi this is Reshma. my GD, Interview is conducted at Bangalore. Here I am going 2 give selection process for Syntel.

Total No of Round are:

* Aptitude
* Group Discussion
* Technical Round
* HR Interview

Aptitude Round: They are 4 rounds in Syntel. One is common round i.e Aptitude (they give reasoning part more instead of basic arithmetic) and if people are more they conduct GD and technical round and finally HR-Round. knowing about u r current project is very important friends Please thorough With project they definitely ask you to explain. Syntel people are very friendly. If you cleared the written test and GD and if you have minimum basics. Then you are 80% selected.

Technical Round: But my technical round is some what tough they asked questions on c++, Java, Oracle be though friends with what ever you kept in your resume. before going 2 interview look at the company profile. its helpful to to you because they asked me Syntel values. I am happy friends I am selected .

All The Best

SQL Interview Questions by placement papers mncs

Latest interview FaQs by placement papers mncs

SQL Interview Questions by placement papers mncs


Latest interview FaQs by placement papers mncs
SQL
SQL is an English like language consisting of commands to store, retrieve, maintain & regulate access to your database.

SQL*Plus
SQL*Plus is an application that recognizes & executes SQL commands & specialized SQL*Plus commands that can customize reports, provide help & edit facility & maintain system variables.

NVL
NVL : Null value function converts a null value to a non-null value for the purpose of evaluating an expression. Numeric Functions accept numeric I/P & return numeric values. They are MOD, SQRT, ROUND, TRUNC & POWER.

Date Functions
Date Functions are ADD_MONTHS, LAST_DAY, NEXT_DAY, MONTHS_BETWEEN & SYSDATE.

Character Functions
Character Functions are INITCAP, UPPER, LOWER, SUBSTR & LENGTH. Additional functions are GREATEST & LEAST. Group Functions returns results based upon groups of rows rather than one result per row, use group functions. They are AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN & SUM.

TTITLE & BTITLE
TTITLE & BTITLE are commands to control report headings & footers.

COLUMN
COLUMN command define column headings & format data values.

BREAK
BREAK command clarify reports by suppressing repeated values, skipping lines & allowing for controlled break points.

COMPUTE
command control computations on subsets created by the BREAK command.

SET
SET command changes the system variables affecting the report environment.

SPOOL
SPOOL command creates a print file of the report.

JOIN
JOIN is the form of SELECT command that combines info from two or more tables.
Types of Joins are Simple (Equijoin & Non-Equijoin), Outer & Self join.
Equijoin returns rows from two or more tables joined together based upon a equality condition in the WHERE clause.
Non-Equijoin returns rows from two or more tables based upon a relationship other than the equality condition in the WHERE clause.
Outer Join combines two or more tables returning those rows from one table that have no direct match in the other table.
Self Join joins a table to itself as though it were two separate tables.

Union
Union is the product of two or more tables.

Intersect
Intersect is the product of two tables listing only the matching rows.

Minus
Minus is the product of two tables listing only the non-matching rows.

Correlated Subquery
Correlated Subquery is a subquery that is evaluated once for each row processed by the parent statement. Parent statement can be Select, Update or Delete. Use CRSQ to answer multipart questions whose answer depends on the value in each row processed by parent statement.

Multiple columns
Multiple columns can be returned from a Nested Subquery.

Sequences
Sequences are used for generating sequence numbers without any overhead of locking. Drawback is that after generating a sequence number if the transaction is rolled back, then that sequence number is lost.

Synonyms
Synonyms is the alias name for table, views, sequences & procedures and are created for reasons of Security and Convenience.
Two levels are Public - created by DBA & accessible to all the users. Private - Accessible to creator only. Advantages are referencing without specifying the owner and Flexibility to customize a more meaningful naming convention.

Indexes
Indexes are optional structures associated with tables used to speed query execution and/or guarantee uniqueness. Create an index if there are frequent retrieval of fewer than 10-15% of the rows in a large table and columns are referenced frequently in the WHERE clause. Implied tradeoff is query speed vs. update speed. Oracle automatically update indexes. Concatenated index max. is 16 columns.

Data types
Max. columns in a table is 255. Max. Char size is 255, Long is 64K & Number is 38 digits.
Cannot Query on a long column.
Char, Varchar2 Max. size is 2000 & default is 1 byte.
Number(p,s) p is precision range 1 to 38, s is scale -84 to 127.
Long Character data of variable length upto 2GB.
Date Range from Jan 4712 BC to Dec 4712 AD.
Raw Stores Binary data (Graphics Image & Digitized Sound). Max. is 255 bytes.
Mslabel Binary format of an OS label. Used primarily with Trusted Oracle.

Order of SQL statement execution
Where clause, Group By clause, Having clause, Order By clause & Select.

Transaction
Transaction is defined as all changes made to the database between successive commits.

Commit
Commit is an event that attempts to make data in the database identical to the data in the form. It involves writing or posting data to the database and committing data to the database. Forms check the validity of the data in fields and records during a commit. Validity check are uniqueness, consistency and db restrictions.

Posting
Posting is an event that writes Inserts, Updates & Deletes in the forms to the database but not committing these transactions to the database.

Rollback
Rollback causes work in the current transaction to be undone.

Savepoint
Savepoint is a point within a particular transaction to which you may rollback without rolling back the entire transaction.

Set Transaction
Set Transaction is to establish properties for the current transaction.

Locking
Locking are mechanisms intended to prevent destructive interaction between users accessing data. Locks are used to achieve.

Consistency
Consistency : Assures users that the data they are changing or viewing is not changed until the are thro' with it.

Integrity
Assures database data and structures reflects all changes made to them in the correct sequence. Locks ensure data integrity and maximum concurrent access to data. Commit statement releases all locks. Types of locks are given below.
Data Locks protects data i.e. Table or Row lock.
Dictionary Locks protects the structure of database object i.e. ensures table's structure does not change for the duration of the transaction.
Internal Locks & Latches protects the internal database structures. They are automatic.
Exclusive Lock allows queries on locked table but no other activity is allowed.
Share Lock allows concurrent queries but prohibits updates to the locked tables.
Row Share allows concurrent access to the locked table but prohibits for a exclusive table lock.
Row Exclusive same as Row Share but prohibits locking in shared mode.
Shared Row Exclusive locks the whole table and allows users to look at rows in the table but prohibit others from locking the table in share or updating them.
Share Update are synonymous with Row Share.

Deadlock
Deadlock is a unique situation in a multi user system that causes two or more users to wait indefinitely for a locked resource. First user needs a resource locked by the second user and the second user needs a resource locked by the first user. To avoid dead locks, avoid using exclusive table lock and if using, use it in the same sequence and use Commit frequently to release locks.

Mutating Table
Mutating Table is a table that is currently being modified by an Insert, Update or Delete statement. Constraining Table is a table that a triggering statement might need to read either directly for a SQL statement or indirectly for a declarative Referential Integrity constraints. Pseudo Columns behaves like a column in a table but are not actually stored in the table. E.g. Currval, Nextval, Rowid, Rownum, Level etc.

SQL*Loader
SQL*Loader is a product for moving data in external files into tables in an Oracle database. To load data from external files into an Oracle database, two types of input must be provided to SQL*Loader : the data itself and the control file. The control file describes the data to be loaded. It describes the Names and format of the data files, Specifications for loading data and the Data to be loaded (optional). Invoking the loader sqlload username/password controlfilename .


Latest interview FaQs by placement papers mncs

Latest SQL interview FaQs by placement papers mncs
Latest interview FaQs by placement papers mncs for SQL

General Knowledge: Highest Mountains in all Continents

Continent	Mountain	Height
South America	Aconcagua	6960 Mtrs
Africa	Mt. Kilimanjaro	5895 Mtrs
Europe	Mt. Elbrus	5642 Mtrs
Australia	Mt. Kosciusko	2228 Mtrs
Asia	Mt. Everest	8850 Mtrs
North America	Mt. McKinley	6194 Mtrs
Antarctica	Vinson Massif	4897 Mtrs

Oldest Sport Stadiums in the world

Which is the oldest football stadium in the world?

Racecourse Ground in Wrexham, North East Wales


Which is the oldest cricket stadium in the world?

Lord's Cricket Ground


Which is the oldest rugby stadium in the world?

Lansdowne Road (Aviva stadium) in Dublin


Which is the Oldest golf course in the world?

Old Course at St.Andrews


Which is the oldest tennis court in the world?

Hampton Court or Falkland Palace


Which is the oldest ice hockey stadium in the world?

Mathews Arena,Boston,USA


Which is the oldest Formula one race track in the world which is still used for racing?

Indianapolis Motor Speedway

History - देश में उद्योगों का वितरण

देश में उद्योगों का वितरण

देश में उद्योगों का वितरण समरूप नहीं है। उद्योग कुछ अनुकूल अवस्थितिक कारकों से कुछ निश्चित स्थानों पर केंद्रित हो जाते हैं। उद्योगों के समूहन को पहचानने के लिए कई सूचकांकों का उपयोग किया जाता है जिनमें प्रमुख हैं-
1- औद्योगिक इकाइयों की संख्या
2- औद्योगिक कर्मियों की संख्या
3- औद्योगिक उद्देश्यों के लिए उपयोग की जाने वाली प्रयुक्त शक्ति की मात्रा
4- कुल औद्योगिक निर्गत वनजचनज-
5- उत्पादन प्रक्रिया जन्य मूल्य आदि।

भारत के औद्योगिक प्रदेश और जिले

मुख्य औद्योगिक प्रदेश-
कुल-8 मुख्य औद्योगिक प्रदेश है-
1- मुंबई-पुणे प्रदेश 2- हुगली प्रदेश 3- बंगलौर-तमिलनाडु प्रदेश 4- गुजरात प्रदेश 5- छोटानागपुर प्रदेश 6- विशाखापट्‌नम- गुंटूर प्रदेश 7- गुड़गाँव-दिल्ली-मेरठ 8- कोलम-तिरुवनंतपुरम प्रदेश।
लघु औद्योगिक प्रदेश
कुल-13 लघु औद्योगिक प्रदेश है-
1-अंबाला-अमृतसर  2- सहारनपुर-मुजफ़रनगर-बिजनौर  3- इंदौर-देवास-उज्जैन  4- जयपुर-अजमेर  5- कोल्हापुर-दक्षिणी कन्नड़  6- उत्तरी मालाबार  7- मध्य मालाबार   8- अदीलाबाद-निजामाबाद  9- इलाहाबाद-वाराणसी-मिर्जापुर  10- भोजपुर-मुँगेर  11-
दुर्ग-रायपुर  12- बिलासपुर-कोरबा  13- ब्रह्मपुत्र घाटी।
औद्योगिक जिले-
कुल-15 औद्योगिक जिले है-
1- कानपुर 2- हैदराबाद 3-आगरा 4- नागपुर 5- ग्वालियर 6- भोपाल 7- लखनऊ 8-जलपाई गुड़ी 9-कटक 10- गोरखपुर 11- अलीगढ़ 12- कोटा 13- पूर्णिया 14- जबलपुर 15- बरेली।
मुंबई-पुणे औद्योगिक प्रदेश

यह मुंबई-थाने से पुणे तथा नासिक और शोलापुर जिलों के संस्पर्शी क्षेत्रों तक विस्तृत है। इसके अतिरिक्त रायगढ़ अहमदनगर सतारा सांगली और जलगाँव जिलों में औद्योगिक विकास तेजी से हुआ है। इस प्रदेश का विकास मुंबई में सूती वस्त्र उद्योग की स्थापना के साथ प्रारंभ हुआ। मुंबई में कपास के पृष्ठ प्रदेश में स्थिति होने और नम जलवायु के कारण मुंबई में सूती वस्त्र उद्योग का विकास हुआ। 1869 में स्वेज नहर के खुलने के कारण मुंबई पत्तन के विकास को प्रोत्साहन मिला। इस पत्तन के द्वारा मशीनों का आयात किया जाता था। इस उद्योग की आवश्यकता पूर्ति के लिए पश्चिमी घाट प्रदेश में जलविद्युत शक्ति का विकास किया गया।

सूती वस्त्र उद्योग के विकास के साथ रासायनिक उद्योग भी विकसित हुए। मुंबई हाई पेट्रोलियम क्षेत्र और नाभिकीय उर्जा संयंत्र वफी स्थापना ने इस प्रदेश को अतिरिक्त बल प्रदान किया। इसके अतिरिक्त अभियांत्रिकी वस्तुएँ पेट्रोलियम परिशोधन पेट्रो-रासायनिक चमड़ा संश्लिष्ट और प्लास्टिक वस्तुएँ दवाएँ उर्वरक विद्युत वस्तुएँ जलयान निर्माण इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स सॉफ़्टवेयर परिवहन उपकरण और खाद्य उद्योगों का भी विकास हुआ। मुंबई कोलाबा कल्याण थाणे ट्राम्बे पुणे पिंपरी नासिक मनमाड शोलापुर कोल्हापुर अहमदनगर सतारा और सांगली महत्वपूर्ण औद्योगिक केंद्र है।

हुगली औद्योगिक प्रदेश

हुगली नदी के किनारे बसा हुआ यह प्रदेश उत्तर में बाँसबेरिया से दक्षिण में बिडलानगर तक लगभग 100 किलोमीटर में फैला है। उद्योगों का विकास पश्चिम में मेदनीपुर में भी हुआ है। कोलकाता-हावड़ा इस औद्योगिक प्रदेश के केंद्र हैं। इसके विकास में ऐतिहासिक भौगोलिक आर्थिक और राजनीतिक कारकों ने अत्यधक योगदान दिया है । इसका विकास हुगली नदी पर पत्तिन के बनने के बाद प्रारंभ से हुआ। देश में कोलकाता एक प्रमुख केंद्र के रूप में उभरा। इसके बाद कोलकाता भीतरी भागों से रेलमार्गों और सड़क मार्गों द्वारा जोड़ दिया गया। असम और पश्चिम बंगाल की उत्तरी पहाड़ियों में चाय बगानों के विकास उससे पहले नील का परिष्करण और बाद में जूट संसाधनों ने दामोदर घाटी के कोयला क्षेत्रों और छोटानागपुर पठार के लौह अयस्क के निक्षेपों के साथ मिलकर इस प्रदेश के औद्योगिक विकास में सहयोग प्रदान किया।

बिहार के घने बसे भागों पूर्वी उत्तर प्रदेश और उड़ीसा से उपलब्ध सस्ते श्रम ने भी इस प्रदेश के विकास में योगदान दिया। कोलकाता ने अंग्रेजी ब्रिटिश भारत की राजधानी 1773-1911- होने के कारण ब्रिटिश पूँजी को भी आकर्षित किया। 1855 में रिशरा में पहली जूट मिल की स्थापना ने इस प्रदेश के आधुनिक औद्योगिक समूहन के युग का प्रारंभ किया। जूट उद्योग का मुख्य केंद्रीकरण हावड़ा और भटपारा में है। 1947 में देश के विभाजन ने इस औद्योगिक प्रदेश को बुरी तरह प्रभावित किया। जूट उद्योग के साथ ही सूती वस्त्र उद्योग भी पनपा। कागज इंजीनियरिंग  टेक्सटाइल मशीनों विद्युत रासायनिक औषधीय उर्वरक और पेट्रो-रासायनिक उद्योगों का भी विस्तार हुआ। कोननगर में हिंदुस्तान मोटर्स लिमिटेड का कारखाना और चितरंजन में डीजाल इंजन का कारखाना इस प्रदेश के औद्योगिक स्तंभ हैं। इस प्रदेश के महत्वपूर्ण औद्योगिक केंद्र कोलकाता हावड़ा हल्दिया सीरमपुर रिशरा शिबपुर नैहाटी गुरियह काकीनारा श्यामनगर टीटागढ़ सौदेपुर बजबज बिडलानगर बाँसबेरिया बेलगुरियह त्रिवेणी हुगली बेलूर आदि हैं। फिर भी इस प्रदेश के औद्योगिक विकास में दूसरे प्रदेशों की तुलना में कमी आई है। जूट उद्योग की अवनति इसका एक कारण है।

बंगलौर-चेन्नई औद्योगिक प्रदेश

यह प्रदेश स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के बाद अत्यधक तीव्रता से औद्योगिक विकास का साक्षी है। 1960 तक उद्योग केवल बंगलौर सेलम और मदुरई जिलों तक सीमित थे लेकिन अब वे तमिलनाडु के विल्लूपुरम को छोड़कर लगभग सभी जिलों में फ़ैल चुके है। कोयला क्षेत्रों से दूर होने के कारण इस प्रदेश का विकास पायकारा जलविद्युत संयंत्र पर निर्भर करता है जो 1932 में बनाया गया था। कपास उत्पादक क्षेत्र होने के कारण सूती वस्त्र उद्योगा ने सबसे पहले पैर जमाए थे। सूती मिलों के साथ ही करघा उद्योग का भी तेजी से विकास हुआ। अनेक भारी अभियांत्रिकी उद्योग बंगलौर में एकत्रित हो गए। वायुयान एच-ए-एल– मशीन उपकरण टूल-पाने आरै भारत इलेक्ट्रानिक्स इस प्रदेश के औद्योगिक स्तंभ हैं। टेक्सटाइल रेल के डिब्बे डीजल इंजन रेडियो हल्की अभियांत्रिकी वस्तुएँ रबर का सामान दवाएँ एल्युमीनियम शक्कर सीमेंट ग्लास कागजा रसायन फ़िल्म सिगरेट माचिस चमड़े का सामान आदि महत्वपूर्ण उद्योग है। चेन्नई में पेट्रोलियम परिशोधनशाला सेलम में लोहा-इस्पात संयंत्र और उर्वरक संयंत्र अभिनव विकास हैं।

गुजरात औद्योगिक प्रदेश

इस प्रदेश का केंद्र अहमदाबाद और वडोदरा के बीच है लेकिन यह प्रदेश दक्षिण में वलसाद और सूरत तक और पश्चिम में जामनगर तक पैफला है। इस प्रदेश का विकास 1860 में सूती वस्त्र उद्योग की स्थापना से भी संबंधित है। यह प्रदेश एक महत्वपूर्ण सूती वस्त्र उद्योग क्षेत्र बन गया। कपास उत्पादक क्षेत्र में स्थित होने के कारण इस प्रदेश को कच्चे माल और बाजार दोनों का ही लाभ मिला। तेल क्षेत्रों की खोज से पेट्रो-रासायनिक उद्योगों की स्थापना अंकलेश्वर वडोदरा और जामनगर के चारों ओर हुई। कांडला पत्तन ने इस प्रदेश के तीव्र विकास में सहयोग दिया। कोयली में पेट्रोलियम परिशोधनशाला ने अनेक पेट्रो-रासायनिक उद्योगों के लिए कच्चा माल उपलब्ध कराया। औद्योगिक संरचना में अब विविधता आ चुकी है। कपड़ा सूती सिल्क और कृत्रिम कपड़े- और पेट्रो-रासायनिक उद्योगों के अतिरिक्त अन्य उद्योग भारी और आध्रा रासायनिक मोटर ट्रैक्टर डीजल इंजन टेक्सटाइल मशीनें इंजीनियरिंग औषधि रंग रोगन कीटनाशक चीनी दुग्ध उत्पाद और खाद्य प्रक्रमण हैं। अभी हाल ही में सबसे बड़ी पेट्रोलियम परिशो्धनशाला जामनगर में स्थापित की गई है। इस प्रदेश के महत्वपूर्ण औद्योगिक केंद्र अहमदाबाद वडोदरा भरूच कोयली आनंद खेरा सुरेंद्रनगर राजकोट सूरत वलसाद और जामनगर हैं।

छोटानागपुर प्रदेश

छोटानागपुर प्रदेश झारखंड उत्तरी उड़ीसा और पश्चिमी पश्चिम बंगाल में फ़ैला है और भारी धातु उद्योगों के लिए जाना जाता है। यह प्रदेश अपने विकास के लिए दामोदर घाटी में कोयला और झारखंड तथा उत्तरी उड़ीसा में धात्विक और अधात्विक खनिजों की खोज का रिणी है। कोयला लौह अयस्क और दूसरे खनिजों की निकटता इस प्रदेश में भारी उद्योगों की स्थापना को सुसाध्य बनाती है। इस प्रदेश में छ: बड़े एकीकृत लौह-इस्पात संयंत्र जमशेदपुर बर्नपुर कुल्टी दुर्गापुर बोकारो और राउरकेला में स्थापित है। उर्जा की आवश्यकता को पूरा करने के लिए ऊष्मीय और जलविद्युतशक्ति संयंत्रों का निर्माण दामोदर घाटी में किया गया है। प्रदेश के चारों ओर घने बसे प्रदेशों से सस्ता श्रम प्राप्त होता है और हुगली प्रदेश अपने उद्योगों के लिए बड़ा बाजार उपलब्ध कराता है।

भारी इंजीनियरिंग मशीन-औजार उर्वरक सीमेंट कागजा रेल इंजन और भारी विद्युत उद्योग इस प्रदेश के कुछ महत्वपूर्ण उद्योग हैं। राँची धनबाद चैबासा सिंदरी हजारीबाग जमशेदपुर बोकारो राउरकेला दुर्गापुर आसनसोल और डालमियानगर महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र हैं।

विशाखापट्‌नम-गुंटूर प्रदेश

यह औद्योगिक प्रदेश विशाखापत्तनम्‌ जिले से लेकर दक्षिण में कुरूनूल और प्रकासम जािलों तक पैफला है। इस प्रदेश का औद्योगिक विकास विशाखापट्‌नम और मछलीपटनम पत्तनों इसके भीतरी भागों में विकसित कृषि तथा खनिजों के बड़े संचित भंडार पर निर्भर है। गोदावरी बेसिन के कोयला क्षेत्र इसे उफर्जा प्रदान करते हैं। जलयान निर्माण उद्योग का प्रारंभ 1941 में विशाखापट्‌नम में हुआ था। आयातित पेट्रोल पर आधारित पेट्रोलियम परिशोधनशाला ने कई पेट्रो-रासायनिक उद्योगों की वृद्धि को सुगम बनाया है।

शक्कर वस्त्र जूट कागज उर्वरक सीमेंट एल्युमीनियम और हल्की इंजीनियरिंग इस प्रदेश के मुख्य उद्योग हैं। गुंटूर जिले में एक शीशा-जिंक प्रगालक कार्य कर रहा है। विशाखापट्‌नम में लोहा और इस्पात संयंत्र बेलाडिला लौह अयस्क का प्रयोग करता है। विशाखापट्‌नम विजयवाड़ा विजयनगर राजमुंदरी गुंटूर एलूरू और कुरनूल महत्वपूर्ण औद्योगिक केंद्र हैं।

गुड़गाँव-दिल्ली-मेरठ प्रदेश

इस प्रदेश में स्थित उद्योगों में पिछले कुछ समय से बड़ा तीव्र विकास दिखाई देता है। खनिजों और विद्युतशक्ति संसाधनों से बहुत दूर स्थित होने के कारण यहाँ उद्योग छोटे और बाजार अभिमुखी हैं। इलेक्ट्रॉनिक हल्के इंजीनियरिंग और विद्युत उपकरण इस प्रदेश के प्रमुख उद्योग हैं। इसके अतिरिक्त यहाँ सूती ऊनी और कृत्रिम रेशा वस्त्र होजरी शक्कर सीमेंट मशीन उपकरण ट्रैक्टर साईकिल कृषि उपकरण रासायनिक पदार्थ और वनस्पति घी उद्योग हैं जो कि बड़े स्तर पर विकसित हैं। सॉफ़टवेयर उद्योग एक नई वृद्धि है। दक्षिण में आगरा-मथुरा उद्योग क्षेत्र है जहाँ मुख्य रूप से शीशे और चमड़े का सामान बनता है। मथुरा तेल परिशोधन कारखाना पेट्रो-रासायनिक पदार्थो का संकुल है। प्रमुख औद्योगिक केंद्रों में गुडगाँव दिल्ली शाहदरा मेरठ मोदीनगर गाजियाबाद अंबाला आगरा और मथुरा का नाम लिया जा सकता है।

कोलम-तिरुवनंतपुरम प्रदेश

यह औद्योगिक प्रदेश तिरुवनंतपुरम कोलम अलवाय अरनाकुलम्‌ और अल्लापुझा जिलों में फ़ैला हुआ है। बागान कॄषि और जलविद्युत इस प्रदेश को औद्योगिक आधार प्रदान करते हैं। देश की खनिज पेटी से बहुत दूर स्थित होने के कारण कॄषि उत्पाद प्रव्रफमण और बाहृजार अभिविन्यस्त हल्के उद्योगों की इस प्रदेश पर से अधिकता है। उनमें से सूती वस्त्र उद्योग चीनी रबड़ माचिस शीशा रासायनिक उर्वरक और मछली आधारित उद्योग महत्वपूर्ण हैं। खाद्य प्रक्रमण कागज नारियल रेशा उत्पादक एल्यूमीनियम और सीमेंट उद्योग भी महत्वपूर्ण हैं। कोची में पेट्रालियम परिशोधनशाला की स्थापना ने इस प्रदेश के उद्योगों को एक नया विस्तार प्रदान किया है। कोलम तिरुवनंतपुरम्‌ अलुवा कोची अलापुझा और पुनालूर महत्वपूर्ण औद्योगिक केंद्र हैं।

Major & Important Lakes of World on the Earth

Major Lakes of the World on the Earth:

Largest Lake	Caspian Sea
Largest saline water lake	Caspian Sea
Largest fresh water lake	Lake Superior
Highest lake	Lake Titicaca
Deepest lake	Lake Baikal
India's largest lake	Chika lake

Other Important Lakes of the World on the Earth:

Lake	Location	Area (Sq. Km.)
Caspian	Russia and CIS	371000
Superior	Ca nada and USA	82414
Victoria	Tanzania (Africa)	69485
Huron	Canada and USA	59596
Michigan	USA	58016
Tanganyika	Africa	32892
Baikal	Russia (CIS)	31502
Great Bear	Canada	31080
Aral	Russia (CIS)	30700
Great Slave	Canada	28438

Number of Players in a Team and Games and playgrounds

Number of Players in a Team 

Baseball – 9

Rugby Football – 15

Polo – 4

Water Polo – 7

Kho-Kho – 9

Kabbaddi – 7

Hockey – 11

Football – 11

Cricket – 11

Volleyball- 6

Tennis – 1 or 2 (Mixed also)

Table tennis – 1 or 2 ((Mixed also)

Basket Ball – 5

Gymnastic – 8

Chess – 2

Ground – Games
Diamond – Baseball
Course – Golf
Board – Table Tennis
Mat – Judo
Velodrome – Cycling
Track – Athletics
Range – Archery, Shooting
Court – Tennis, Badminton, Netball, handball, volleyball, kabbaddi, kho-kho, squash
Ring – Scatting, Boxing
Pool – Swimming
Alley – Bowling
Arena – Horse Riding
Field – Polo, Football, Hockey
Pitch – Cricket, Rugby
Rink – Curling, Ice Hockey
Greens – Bowls

Important Natural Local Winds

Important Natural Local Winds

Chinook	Hot, dry wind in Rockies, also called 'snow eater'.
Foehn	Hot, dry wind in the Alps.
Khamsin	Hot, dry wind in Egypt.
Sirocco	Hot, moist wind from Sahara to Mediterranean Sea.
Salano	Hot, moist wind from Sahara towards Iberian Peninsula.
Harmattan	Hot, dry wind blowing outwards from the interior of W. Africa, also called Guinea Doctor.
Bora	Cold, dry wind blowing outwards from Hungary to the north of Italy (near Adriatic Sea).
Mistral	Very cold wind, which blows down from the Alps over France.
Punas	Cold, dry wind blowing down towards the western side of Andes.
Blizzard	Very cold wind in Tundra region.
Brickfielder	Hot wind in Australia.
Purga	Cold wind in Russian tundra.
Levanter	Cold wind in Spain.
Norwester	Hot wind in New Zealand.
Santa Ana	Hot wind in S. California in USA.

Current Affairs March 2011

Current Affairs March 2011 

Business

Tanishq to be merged with Titan Industries

Carmker GM India to launch 14 variants of 6 new models in the country in next 2 years

Tata Communications becomes first Indian Telco to launch cloud computing solutions globally

McDonald India ties up with HCL Infosystems to give kids (a chance to win) HCL ME Kids Educational Laptops with a purchase of Happy Meal

BCCI invites bid for IPL mobile, radio and Internet rights

Sonata Software launches car rental management service MiEdge

'Bing deals', a feature for desktop and mobile allowing consumers to find best deals locally has been launched by Microsoft

India and Brazil signed a bilateral air services agreement (ASA), intended to increase air-connectivity between 2 countries

Lovable Lingerie IPO subscribed 4% on Day 1 (8/3/2011)

Mahindra Group inks deal with global networking company Cisco to provide a host of services including cloud computing, entertainment, smart cities, virtual dealerships and sports

Jubliant Life Sciences (JLS) to set up a manufacturing plant to produce Symet, a key ingredient for making insecticide 'Chloryrifos', at Bharuch in Gujarat


Education

HCL and BPO training institute Orion Edutech jointly launches a diploma course to train the youth for entry in the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry


Employment

Global IT and BPO service provider HTC Global Services to recruit 3,000 people by next fiscal


Medicine

Kochi to get country's first health mall. 10-storied mall to have doctors, hospitals, ayurveda centres, pharmacies and insurance referral units


People

Canaan Partners appoints Rahul Khanna as Managing Director of Cannan India

Harish C.Mariwala takes over as Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) President

Diwakar Gupta has been appointed as Managing Director of State Bank of India

Kapil Dev has been appointed as brand ambassador of UEI GLobal and has launched 'Kapil Dev Scholarship Program' of Rs.40 crores

'Dream girl', Hema Malini took oath in Rajya Sabha as a BJP member from Karnataka


Sports

Mumbai Indians signs up Hero Honda as sponsor

Government exempts custom duty for cricket World Cup

Gambhir named Kolkata Knight Rider captain

Yuvraj named Pune Warriors captain

ICC approves Morgan replacement for injured Pietersen

Usain Bolt to run 100 metres at the Herculis Diamond League in Monaco

Wimbeldon finals to be filmed in 3D

Indian squash player Dipika Pallikal participating in the WSF-World Cup reached career high of 23 in WISPA ranking


Technology

Nokia to launch E7 smartphone in India, to be priced at Rs. 35000

Google Launches Chrome Beta 10. It brings synchronization improvements as well as speed advancements. Chrome 10.0.648.82 is created for Linux, Windows as well as Mac OS X

36 hours of videos are uploaded on YouTube every minute, the video-sharing website owned by global search giant Google

Forbes Rich List - Top 10 Billionaires in the world

Forbes Rich List - Top 10 Billionaires in the world

Name	Net Worth
Carlos Slim	$74B
Bill Gates	$56B
Warren Buffet	$50B
Bernard Arnault	$41B
Larry Ellison	$39.5B
Lakshmi Mittal	$31.1B
Amancio Ortego	$31B
Eike Batista	$30B
Mukesh Ambani	$27B
Christy Walton	$26.5B

Forbes Rich List - Top 10 Billionaires - Richest Indians

Name	Net Worth	Rank
Lakshmi Mittal	$31.1B	6
Mukesh Ambani	$27B	9
Azim Premji	$16.8B	36
Shashi and Ravi Ruia	$15.8	42
Savitri Jindal and family	$13.2B	56
Gautam Adani	$10B	81
Kumar Birla	$9.2B	97
Anil Ambani	$8.8B	103
Sunil Mittal and family	$8.3B	110
Adi Godrej and family	$7.3B	130

iSixSigma Awards 2011

Most Successful Lean Six Sigma  Start-up Program	Capgemini Business Process Outsourcing Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co. SRA International Inc.
Most Successful Re-energized  Lean Six Sigma Program	Capital One Firstsource Solutions Ltd. U.S. Army – TACOM Life Cycle Management Command
Largest-Breakthrough Improvement Projects (DMAIC) Customer Service:	Betfair Ltd. – Reduce Response Time to Customer Emails Betfair Ltd. – Decrease Tradefair Registration to Live Failure Rate U.S. Army – Hellfire Missile Test and Repair
Largest-Breakthrough Improvement Projects (DMAIC) Transactional:	Betfair Ltd. – Increase Spanish Outbound Contact & Conversion Rate Capgemini Business Services India Ltd. – Process Transformation in Master Data Management Firstsource Solutions Ltd. – Improving TAT to Offer Compliance for Stores Channel
Largest-Breakthrough Innovation Project (DFSS)	ADC Telecommunications – Systematic Application of DFSS in Gen3 SC Connector Baxter Healthcare – Non PVC Medical Tubing Development Utilizing DFSS Tools & Techniques Capgemini Business Services India Ltd. – Transformation in Outsourcing Solution – A New Horizon