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Tuesday, May 29, 2012

Kolkata Knight Riders beat Chennai Super Kings to win Indian Premier League - 5

Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) defeated the defending champion Chennai
Super Kings (CSK) to win their maiden Indian Premier League (IPL)
title at the MA Chidambaram stadium in Chennai on 27 April 2012.Gautam
Gambhir led Knight Riders successfully chased down the target of 192
in 19.4 overs in the summit clash of IPL-V.
Manvinder Singh Bisla, the wicket keeper batsman, with his aggressive
knock of 89 runs off just 48 balls secured the victory for the Knight
Riders. He was also declared the Man of the Match. South African
all-rounder Jacques Kallis also played a good knock as he scored 69
runs off 49 balls. Sunil Naraine, of the Kolkata Knight Riders, won
the Man of the Tournament award for his impressive bowling show
through out the event. He picked up 24 wickets at an average of 13.50
and an economy rate of 5.47, which was the best in the league. Chris
Gayle of Royal Challengers Banglore and Morne Morkel of Chennai Super
Kings emerged as the highest run getter and leading wicket taker of
the tournament respectively. Gayle scored 733 runs while Morkel topped
the list of highest wicket taker with 25 wickets. Chris Gayle also hit
the maximum number of sixes (59) in the IPL season 2012.
A total of 9 teams had participated in the fifth season of IPL which
had commenced on 4 April 2012. Kolkata Knight Riders, Chennai Super
Kings, Delhi Daredevils and Mumbai Indians were the four teams which
had made to the final four following a marathon league round. A total
of 76 matches were played in the entire tournament.
Kolkata Knight Riders, co-owned by Bollywood star Shahrukh Khan could
not make to the final in all the previous seasons.

Current Affairs:16-year-old Indian-origin student cracked 350-year old Mathematics Problem

Shouryya Ray a 16-year-old Indian-origin student from Germany cracked
a 350-year old mathematics puzzles on 26 May 2012. The mathematics
problems had perplexed mathematicians around the world for more than
350 years. The boy from Dresden also solved two fundamental particle
dynamics theories which physicists have previously been able to
calculate only by using powerful computers.

His solutions will now help scientists to calculate the flight path of
a thrown ball and then predict how it will hit and bounce off a wall.
Shouryya had come across the problems during a school trip to Dresden
University where professors claimed they were uncrackable.

Tuesday, May 22, 2012

GK India: Solicitor General of India (past and present)

Solicitor GeneralTerm
C.K.Daphtary28.01.1950 – 01.03.1963
H.N. Sanyal02.03.1963 – 09.09.1964
S.V. Gupta10.09.1964 – 16.09.1967
Niren De30.09.1967 – 30.10.1968
Jagadish Swarup05.06.1969 – 04.06.1972
L.N. Sinha17.07.1972 – 05.04.1977
S.N. Kacker05.04.1977 – 02.08.1979
Soli Sorabjee09.08.1979 – 25.01.1980
K. Parasaran06.03.1980 – 08.08.1983
Milon K. Banerji04.04.1986 – 03.04.1989
Ashok Desai18.12.1989 – 02.12.1990
A.D. Giri04.12.1990 – 01.12.1991
Dipankar P. Gupta 09.04.1992 – 10.04.1997
T.R.Andhyarujina11.04.1997 – 04.04.1998
Nitte Santhosh Hegde10.04.1998 – 07.01.1999
Harish Salve01.11.1999 - 03.11.2002
Kirit N Raval04.11.2002 - 19.04.2004
G. E. Vahanvati20.04.2004 - 07.06.2009
Gopal Subramaniam15.06.2009 - 14.7.2011
Rohinton Nariman 23.7.2011 -

International Affairs: List of New Appointments may2012

● Jim Yong Kim—President, World Bank.
● Obiageli Katryn Ezekwesili —Vice-President, Africa World Bank.
● Christine Lagarde (France) —Managing-Director, IMF.
● Ban Ki-Moon—General -Secretary, UNO.
● Haruhiko Kuroda —President, Asian Development Bank.
● Arvind Virmani —Executive-Director in World Bank (from India)
● Siddharth Tiwari—Secretary IMF.
● V. P. Baligar—Chairman and M.D., HUDCO.
● Herman Van Rompuy—President, European Union
● Pascal Lamy—Director-General, WTO.
● K. M. Chandra Shekhar—Indian Ambassador to WTO.
● Dr. D. Subbarao—Governor RBI.
● S. K. Goel —Chairman, Central Board of Excise and Custom (CBEC).
● Laxman Das —Chairman, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).
● S. P. Gaur—Chairman, Island Waterways Authority of India.
● Sanjeev Batra —Chairman and Managing Director, Mineral and Metals
Trading Corporation (MMTC).
● Dr. Bijendra Singh — Chairman, National Agricultural Federation
Cooperative Marketing (NAFED).
● Montek Singh Ahluwalia— Deputy Chairman, Indian Planning Commission.
● V. P. Agrawal —Chairman, Indian Airports Authority (IAA).
● P. V. Narsimgham —President, Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI).
● Nagesh Alai—President, Advertising Agencies Association of India (AAAI).
● J. Harinarayan—Chairman, Insurance Regulatory and Development
Authority (IRDA).
● Arup Rai Chaudhary —Chairman and CMD National Thermal Power
Corporation (NTPC).
● Sushma Nath—First Indian Lady Finance Secretary.
● Satyanand Mishra—Chief Information Commissioner.
● Ms. Shanta Sinha—Chairman, National Child Rights Commission.
● B. C. Tripathi—Chairman, GAIL.
● S. Roy Choudhury—Chairman and CMD, HPCL.
● A. B. L. Srivastava —CMD, National Hydro Power Corporation.
● Vinay Mittal—Chairman, Railway Board
● S. Narasing Rao— Chairman-cum-Managing Director, Coal India Ltd.
● Sushil Muhnot—Chairman, SIDBI.
● Prakash Bakshi—CMD, NABARD.
● N. P. Patel—Chairman, IFFCO (Indian Farmer's Fertilizer Cooperative Ltd.)
● Yogesh Agrawal—Chairman PFRDA
● Rajendra Pawar—Chairman, NASSCOM (2011-12).
● Lalit K. Panwar—CMD, Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC)
● Sriraj Hussain—CMD, Food Corporation of India
● Chandra Shekhar Verma—Chairman, SAIL
● Prema Cariappa —Chairperson, Central Social Welfare Board.
● Nimish C. Tolia —President, Hindustan Chamber of Commerce.
● A. K. Upadhyay—Chairman, National Highway Authority of India.
● K. J. Udeshi—First Lady Deputy Governor of RBI.
● Ashok Kumar Lahiri—Executive Director in ADB
● P. L. Punia —Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Castes
● Vijai L. Kelkar—Chairman, 13th Finance Commission
● Amartya Sen—Human Development Advisor, UNDP.
● U. K. Sinha—Chairman, SEBI.
● Mamta Sharma— Chairperson, National Women Commission.
● C. Rangrajan—Chairman, Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Committee.
● D. K. Mehrotra—Chairman, LIC.
● Yogesh Lohia — Chairman, General Insurance Company.
● N. S. R. Chandra Prasad —CMD, National Insurance Company.
● G. Srinivasan —Chairman, United India Insurance Company.
● M. Ramadoss —Chairman, Oriental Insurance Company.
● R. K. Upadhyay—Chairman and CMD Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
● R. V. Verma—Chairman, Asia Pacific Union for Housing Finance.
● Reeta Menon—CMD, India Trade Promotion Organisation.
● M. Rafeeq Ahmed —President, Federation of Indian Exporters
Organisation (FIEO).
● Mangoo Singh—MD, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
● Srivardhan Goyanka— President, Indian Chamber of Commerce (ICC) 2011-12.
● Hari S. Bharatia—Chairman, C.I.I.
● Arvind Pradhan—Director-General, Indian Merchant Chamber (IMC)
● Rajesh Lilothia—Chairman, SC/ST Welfare Board.
● Pramod Dev—President Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
● Aditya Puri—MD, HDFC.
● Raj Kumar Dhoot—President, ASSOCHAM
● Rahul Khullar—Chairman, TRAI
● R. V. Kanoria—President, FICCI
● Rajeev Kumar—General-Secretary, FICCI.
● Jacques Diouf—Director-General, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
● S. Krishnan—Chairman, Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulation Board.
● Sandid Somany—President, PHDCCI
● Nandan Nilekani —Chairman Unique Identification Authority of India.
● M. D. Malya— President, Indian Banks Association.
● Rohit Nandan—Chairman and Managing-Director, Air India Ltd.
● Pratip Chowdhary—CMD, State Bank Group.
● Ajit Parsayat —Chairman, Competition Appellate Tribunal.
● Ashok Chawla—Chairman, Competition Commission of India (CCI)

Current Affairs :UNICEF Report on World’s Children, 2012

The Minister for Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation Kumari Selja
has said that as per Census 2001, five states namely Maharashtra,
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu account for 55.7%
of the total slum population.

In a written reply in the Lok Sabha she said, Slum is a state subject.
However, the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation is
implementing the following schemes for slum dwellers and urban poor
across the country including Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,
West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.

She said, the Basic Services to the Urban Poor and Integrated Housing
and Slum Development Programmes under Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal
Mission which have been launched in December 2005 and focus on basic
services to the urban poor and integrated development of slums. Under
this project, 1615 projects under BSUP and IHSDP with a total project
cost of Rs. 42501 crores for constructing 16.02 lakh houses have been
sanctioned till 31st March 2012.


The Minister said, in pursuance of the Government's vision of creating
a Slum-free India, a new scheme 'Rajiv Awas Yojana' (RAY) has been
launched on 02.06.2011. The Phase I of Rajiv Awas Yojana is for a
period of two years from the date of approval of the scheme. The
Scheme will provide financial assistance to States that are willing to
assign property rights to slum dwellers for provision of decent
shelter and basic civic and social services for slum redevelopment,
and for creation of affordable housing stock.

Kumari Selja said, under the Scheme, fifty percent (50 %) of the cost
of provision of basic civic and social infrastructure and amenities
and of housing, including rental housing, and transit housing for
in-situ redevelopment – in slums would be borne by the Centre,
including operation & maintenance of assets created under this scheme.
For the North Eastern and Special Category States, the share of the
Centre would be 90% including the cost of land acquisition, if
required.

8 pilot projects with total project cost of Rs. 446.22 crores
involving central assistance of Rs. 197.09 crores have been approved
under RAY for construction of total 8400 dwelling units. The first
instalment of Rs. 65.69 crores has been released to the concerned
states, the Minister added.

current Affairs:Satellite Technology to be used for Crop and Drought Assessment

The Mahalanobis National Crop Forecast Centre has been set up with a
view to prepare multiple in-season crop forecasts by using temporal
satellite imageries and in-situ as well as satellite based weather
data. These forecasts will act as inputs to be used along with
econometric & agro-meteorological parameters and ground observations
to make estimates of area and yield of selected crops.

The Centre will also use Remote Sensing techniques to monitor and
assess the drought situation in the country at National/State/District
level.

Methodologies for crop forecast and drought assessment developed by
ISRO for selected crops and States are being transferred to the new
Centre. The forecasts made in the Centre would help the Government in
assessing foodgrains requirements in the country much in advance and
taking quick decisions on procurement strategy and imports/exports of
the commodities.

source:http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/AllCurrentAffairs/~3/uJzG14WuSSQ/satellite-technology-to-be-used-for.html

The way to Study of General Awareness for All exams..!

General Awareness is another very important section of Bank Exams. Students can score very high marks in this section which may help them to enhance their overall scoring. Current affairs are an integral part of bank exams, you know in bank exams current affairs constitute almost 95 % of General Awareness paper. You can easily solve 80-90% of these questions in 10-12 minutes of time, provided you are well prepared. What I have seen
that most of the study material available in market is not focusing on exact requirements of the aspirants. Therefore we are also providing you "Points to Remember Series" and "Objective Question Series" which will help you to prepare well for your upcoming Bank Exams. Apart from reading the various series which we are providing you should also read good magazines on current affairs and also good Newspapers such as The Times of India, The Hindustan Times, The Hindu, The Economic Times etc. Reading articles and newspapers will serve many purposes it will help you in strengthening your current affairs knowledge, it will also help you in the English language section, both objective and descriptive and at the same time it will help you in preparation of your upcoming interviews. So never shy of reading good newspapers and magazines. If you follow the current affairs material which we are providing you will find that most of the points given in the magazines have already been covered as far as current affairs are concerned, reading it again will help you to build very good knowledge. Because what happens that at the time of exams sometimes answer of a question does not immediately click in mind even though you have earlier read it, however if you have read it quite a few times, you will be able to recollect it immediately. In General Awareness the questions can be asked on economy, finance, banking, polity, international events, sports, books and authors, awards and prizes etc. Discussion among friends always helps so involving yourself in meaningful discussions on current events will help you. We can summarize the important points as under:
Read quality magazines and newspapers in a regular manner if you really wish to build a very good knowledge of General Awareness.
Do not limit yourselves to 1-2 sources try to gather as much information as subsequent readings from different sources will not take much time, it will strengthen your knowledge. Once you have developed a good base you just need to carry on.
Attempt practice sets and try to finish General Awareness section in 10 minutes time.
Quality discussions help in improving your knowledge as well as communication skills.
We are very much sure that if the aspirants can follow these tips they will surely do well in this section. Feel free to write us for any further query. We will also advise you some of the best books and magazines which you may read for this particular section.


Read more: http://ibpsexamination.blogspot.com/2012/05/how-to-prepare-for-general-awareness.html#ixzz1vcuCpK3r

Study material for CLAT 2012: Important International Current Affair for Law Entrance,

** Dilma Rousseff assumes office as Brazil President.
** India joins United Nations Security council as a non permanent
member for 2 years.
** Arnold Schwarzenegger terminates his stint of more than eight years
as California governor.
** Salman Taseer , Governor of Pakistan's Punjab Province gunned down
by a security guard at a parking lot for supporting death row
designate Aasia Bibi charged with blasphemy.
** La Nina triggered flood causes catastrophic damage in Queensland.
** India and Sri Lanka sign an MoU on passenger Transportation by sea
facilitating resumption of ferry services between Tuticorin – Colombo
and Talaimannar and Rameswaram.
** Inderjit Singh Reyat, convicted in the June 23, 1985 Air India
flight bombing sentenced to to nine years in jailfor perjury.
** Sudanese cast ballots in a week – long independence referendum to
decide on the status of the southern regions.
** 70 people on board an Iranian passenger jet killed after a crash
near the north western city of Urumiyeh.
** Russia and U.S. enact a nuclear cooperation pact in Moscow.
** More than 500 people killed in Brazil as mudslides and floods devastate.
** Lebanese Government led by Saad Hariri collapses following the
resignation of 11 cabinet ministers belonging to Hezbollah.
** Indian – American Nikki Hailey sworn as the first woman and non-
white governor of South Carolina.
** Tunisian Government dissolved and Parliament dismissed.
** Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali exits to Saudi Arabia.
** The Social Network sweeps up 4 awards at the 2011 Golden Globe Awards.
** British House of Lords holds a first ever night long session.
** Former Swiss private banker Rudolf elmer hands over data on
offshore bank account holders to Wikileaks founder Julian Assange.
** 56 persons killed in a suicide bomb attack in tikrit, Iraq ** Sea
life aquarium in Oberhausen, Germany unveils an outsized memorial for
Paul the octopus.
** 5 persons killed and 180 injured as a suicide bomber strikes at the
Domodedovo airport in Moscow
** Sri Lanka's Supreme Court upholds the disqualification from
parliament of the former army commander
** A.R. Rehman honoured with Crystal award of the World Economic Forum
at the annual meeting of world elites at Davos.
** Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak designates Ahmed Shafik Prime
Minister. Omer Suleiman made vice- president.
** South Sudan votes to split from the north in a referendum as per
preliminary results.
** A two million strong rally in Cairo's Tahrir square calls for an
end to the Hosni Mubarak regime in Egypt.
** Jordan's king Abdullah II fires the cabinet headed by Prime
Minister Samir Rifai. Marouf al-Bakhit is named Prime Minister
designate.
** Cyclone Yasi batters Australia's north eastern coast. Power
blackouts darken 1,77,000 homes across the Queensland region.
** Thein Sein elected Myanmar's first first president under its 2008
constitution.
** Jhalanath Khanal is sworn in Nepal Prime Minister.
** Sudan President Omar Al Bashir endorses independence referendum
result. Juba to be new capital of Southern Sudan.
** Hosni Mubarak steps down as Egyptian Presidenr after being at the
helm for 30 years.
** King's Speech wins the Best fim award at BAFTA. Best actor – colin
firth, best actress – Natalie portman.
** Clashes in Bahrain as protestors observe day of rage.
** Riots erupt in Libya sparked by the arrest of human rights activist
Fethi Tarbel.
** The first cosmic census reveals the presence of at least 50 billion
planets in the milky way.
** Uganda's long term president Yoweri Museveni wins new term.
** BP signs a mega deal with Reliance Industries limited to buy 30
percent stake in RIL oil, gas blocks for $7.2 million in London.
** 155 dead and 226 missing in the earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand.
** Wikileaks founder Julian Assange can be extradited to Sweden in a
sex crime enquiry, rules a british judge.
** U.S. imposes unilateral sanctions on Libya.
** 83 rd Academy Awards
>Best picture – King's Speech
> Best actor – Colin Firth
>Best director – Tom hooper
> Best actress – Natalie
** Opposition announces formulation of the Libya National Transitional Council.
** The US Securities and Exchange Commission slaps insider trading
charges on former McKinsey managing director Rajat Gupta.
** Pakistan Minister for Minority Affairs Shahbaaz Bhatti is gunned
down near his residence.
** Order of St. Andrews Russia's highest honour, is conferred on the
last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
** Nepal Prime Minister and founder of the Nepali Congress Krishna
Prasad Bhattarai passes away in Ksthmandu.
** Jacques Chirac becomes the first French president to go on trial
on criminal charges.
** A strong earthquake strikes off the coast of northeast Japan.
** Discovery space shuttle returns to earth after its final flight
wrapping up its 27 year career.
** An 8.9 magnitude offshore earthquake unleashes a 23 feet tsunami in
Japan leaving 8199 people dead and 12722 missing. Atomic power plant
Fukushima No 1 is evacuated.
** An explosion at the Fukushima Daichi Nuclear Reactor in Japan
triggered by the quake-tsunami destroys the building housing it.
** Emergency declared at Japan's Onagawa nuclear power plant. The 1421
metre Shinmoedake volcano erupts. Hiromitsu Shinkawa is saved by the
military after he remained clinging on to the roof of his house for two days.
** Radiation spread strikes japan. A magnitude 6 earthquake rattles Tokyo.
** Chinese government suspends the approval of all new nuclear power plants.
** US embassy staffer Raymond Davis, arrested for shooting down two
men on January 27 in Lahore, is freed after payment of blood money
hours after being indicted for murder by a sessions court.
** UN authorises the imposition of no-fly zone in Libya and use of
air-power to prevent attacks on civilians by Col. Gadaffi's forces.
** 46 persons are killed and hundreds injured in the crackdown on
prodemocracy protest in the Yemeni capital Sana'a.
** Yemen's president Ali Abdullah Saleh fires his cabinet.
** Former Isreali president Moshe Katsev is sentenced to a seven year
jail term for rape.
** Legendary Hollywood actress Elizabeth Taylor who enthralled
audience in a career spanning 5 decades dies at a Los Angeles
hospital.
** Abel Prize for the year to US Mathematician John Willard Milnor for
his pioneering discoveries in topology, geometry and algebra.
** 74 people are killed and 111 injured after a powerful earthquake
rocks north-west Myanmar.
** The Canadian government headed by Stephen Harper is ousted in a
vote of no-confidence passed in the parliament.
** Parts of Japan especially the Miyagi prefecture are rattled by an
offshore earthquake measuring 6.5 on the Richter Scale.
** Syrian Cabinet's resignation is accepted by the President Bashar-Al
Assad after nearly two weeks of pro-democracy unrest.
** Heavy turnout marks Kazakhstan's presidential polls.
** Internationally renowned Chinese artist Ai Weiwei is detained by
authorities while boarding a flight to Hong-Kong.
** Wreckage of an Air-France jet which crashed off Brazil coast
killing all 228 people aboard is found in the Atlantic Ocean.
** Nursultan Nazarbayev is re-elected Kazakhstan's president.
** Bangladesh Supreme Court upholds a High Court order confirming
Grameen Bank decision to remove Muhammad Yunus as Managing Director.
** Guardian's coverage of the Wikileaks publication wins "Newspaper of
the Year" at the 2011 Press Awards given in London.
** Peruvians cast ballots in presidential polls.
** Ban on full-face veils comes into effect in France.
** Nuclear radiation crisis at the Fukushima –Daichi plant is rated a
"major accident" like the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster.
** The world's five major emerging economies – Brazil, Russia, India,
China and South Africa (BRICS) – draw up action plan for better
coordination on the world stage at the Summit in Sanya, China.
** BRICS nations sign a pact to use their own currencies instead of
the US dollar in credit or grants among each other.
** Nigerians cast ballots in presidential polls.
** Goodluck Jonathan wins Nigerian Presidential polls.
** Indian American Siddharth Mukherjee's book on Cancer wims the 2011
Pulitzer Prize in the General non-fiction category. Jennifer Egan wins
the Pulitzer prize in the fiction category for her novel "A Visit From
The Goon Squad". Carol Fuzy, a photographer from the Washington Post
becomes the first journalist to win four Pulitzer Prizes.
** Syria lifts an emergency law that has been in force for 48 years
following month-long protests in which at least 200 have died.
** President Raul Castro is named first-secretary of Cuba's Communist Party.
** Governments from around the world pledge $785 million to seal the
stricken nuclear reactor at Chernobyl within a 20000 tonne steel
shield at a conference in the Ukranian capital Kiev.
** Popular singer-turned-politician Michel Martelly is declared of
Haiti's presidential elections.
** Thousands of people join an "energy shift parade" in Tokyo, Japan
to demand an end to nuclear power.
** Congolese children's right activist Murhabazi Namegabe wins the
$100,000 World's Children's Prize for the rights of the child.
** Singapore's elder statesman Lee Kuan Yew is returned to Parliament
unopposed for the fifth successive term.
** The toll from severe storms that battered five Southern US States
touches 193. Alabama worst hit with 128 deaths.
** Britain's Prince Williams marries long-time girlfriend Kate
Middleton at Westminster Abbey, London.
** Saif-al-Arab Gadaffi, the youngest son of Libyan leader Muammar
Gadaffi, and three grandchildren are killed in a NATO air attack on a
residential building in Tripoli.
** Pope Benedict XVI beatifies the late Pope John II at St. Peter's
Basilica in Vatican.
** Al-Qaeda supremo Osama Bin Laden is killed in a US special forces
operation in Abbottabad near the Pakistan capital Islamabad.
** Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper wins majority in
Canadian Parliamentary polls.
** The Hamas and Fatah, the two main Palestinian factions, sign the
unity pact paving the way for the formation of National government.
** The Bangladesh Supreme Court dismisses Dr Muhammad Yunus's petition
seeking reversal of a High Court ruling sacking him as the Grameen
Bank MD.
** Elections are held for the Scottish Parliament, the devolved
assemblies in Northern Ireland and Wales.
** Britons overwhelmingly reject a proposal to abandon the
first-past-thepost system in favour of Alternative Vote.
** Scottish National Party pulls off a dramatic victory.
** A joint celebration by India and Bangladesh of the 150th Birth
Anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore begins in Dhaka.
** Singapore's long-governing People Action's Party wins absolute
majority in parliamentary polls held a day earlier.
** Raj Rajaratnam, Galleon hedgefund founder, is found guilty of fraud
and conspiracy by a federal jury in Manhattan.
** Wikileaks founder Julian Assange is awarded the Sydney Peace
Prize's Gold Medal.
** Singapore's top leaders and former PrimeMinisters Lee Kuan Yew and
Goh Chok Tong announce their retirement from the Cabinet.
** The IMF President Dominique Strauss-Kahn is arrested in New York on
attempted rape, assault charges.
** Philip Roth, one of America's prolific novelists is named winner of
the 60,000 pounds Man Booker International Prize.
** Arjun Vajpayee, a school boy from Noida, achieves a rare double,
after being the youngest Indian to scale Mt. Everest, he scales Mt.
Lhotse, the world's fourth highest peak.
** India's GSAT-8 – the largest and heaviest satellite built by the
ISRO is launched from Kourou, French Guiana by Ariane-5 rocket.
** U.S director Terrence Malick's The Tree of Life wins top honours at
the Cannes Film Festivals. Kirsten Dunst bags best actress for her
role in Lars von Trier's apocalyptic psychodrama Melancholia.
France's Jean Dujardin gets best actor for part in Michel
Hazanavicius's silent movie The Artist
** At least 89 people are killed as a tornado rips through the city of
Joplin in Missouri, U.S.
** Bosnian Serb Army Commander General Ratko Mladic, also known as the
Butcher of Srebrenica, wanted for crimes during the 1991-95 Balkan
wars is arrested in Lazarevo, Serbia after 16 years on the run.
** George Atkinson (16) from Surbiton, a London suburb becomes the
youngest person ever to climb the highest of all the seven continents
after scaling Mt. Everest.
** G-8 leaders launch a partnership for North Africa and West Asia at
the end of their own two day annual summit in Deanville, France.
** Nepal's major parties amend interim constitution and extend the
term of the Constituent Assembly by three months.
** Pakistani journalist Syed Saleem Shahzad is found dead 48 hours
after he went missing from the 'Red Zone' of Islamabad.
** Jill Abramson is appointed first-ever woman Executive Editor of the
New York Times.
** Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan survives the no-trust vote in Parliament.
** Indian-American Sukanya Roy wins the crown at the spelling-bee
championship in Maryland, US.
** Jack Kevorkian nicknamed Dr Death who said he helped some 130
people end their lives from 1990-1999 dies at William Beaumount
Hospital in Michigan after a short illness.
** Ollanta Humala secures a razor thin victory in Peruvian presidential polls.
** M.F. Hussain, India's foremost modern painter and an
internationally recognised artist dies at a London Hospital.
** The six-nation Shanghai Corporation Organisation opens its doors
for India's membership at its 10 Th anniversary summit in Astana,
Kazakhstan.
** Ayman-al-Zawahari is chosen to succeed the slain Al-Qaeda chief
Osama Bin Laden.
** The United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki Moon gets Security
Council support for a second five-year term.
** Swiss Parliaments gives nod to amendments to tax treaties with
nations making it easier to track black money.
** 44 persons, including designers of the nuclear reactors in
Kudankulam Tamil Nadu,are killed in an air-crash in Northern Russia.
** The former presidents of Ghana and Brazil, John Agyekum and Luiz
Inacio Lula da Silva are chosen for the World Food Prize 2011.
** Endosulfan is listed under the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior
Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and
Pesticides in International Trade.
** Hindi films Dabangg and My Name Is Khan bag top honours at the 12
th International Indian Film Academy Awards in Toronto, Canada.
** Jose Graziano da Silva of Brazil is elected Director-General of the
Food and Agriculture Organization.
** Chinese activist Hu Jia is freed after being behind the bars for
three and a half years on subversion charges.
** Chinese railways unveils test-run of CRH high-speed train linking
Beijing and Shanghai.
** French Finance Minister Christine Lagarde is elected IMF Managing Director.
** The Danish High Court dismisses government's plea to extradite Kim
Davey, an accused in the Purulia Arma drop case of 1995, to India.
** The World's longest sea bridge, spanning 36.48 km across the mouth
of the Jiaozhou bay in Eastern Shandong Province, Chinapoens to
traffic. Undersea tunnel running parallel to the bridge too ready High
speed rail link between Shanghai and Beijing inaugurated.
** Prince Albert II of Monaco and his South African bride, Princess
Charlene , marry in a religious ceremony.
** Yingluck Shinawatra's Pheu Thai Party secures majority in
Thailand's parliamentary polls
** Christine Lagarde takes office as IMG Managing Director in Washington.
** At least 95 people killed in four days non-stop sectarian violence
in Karachi, Pakistan.
** Space shuttle Atlantis lifts off on its last voyage since the
launch of the program in 1981 from the Kennedy Space Centre in Cape
Canaveral,Florida.
** Rebekah Brooks, Chief Executive of News International announces
closure of the tabloid News of the World, following furore over its
role in a phone hacking scandal.
** South Sudan declares independence from Sudan to become the world's
193 rd Nation. President Salva Kiir offers peace to rebels.
** Australia unveils its most sweeping economic reforms in decades,
with a plan to tax carbon emissions from the nation's worst polluters.
** Ahmed Wali Karzai, the Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai's
youngster half brother and head of Kandahar's provincial council is
assassinated by a security team member at his home in Karz Town.
** British Prime Minister David Cameroon announces a judicial probe
into the phone hacking scandal.
** Rebekah Brooks, the Chief Executive of the British Media Group News
International resigns in the aftermath of the phone hacking scandal.
** The US recognizes the Libyan opposition, the Benghazi-based
Transitional National Council.
** Rebekah Brooks, the former Chief Executive of the British Media
Group News International, is arrested in the phone hacking scandal.
** NATO begins phased withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan.
** Paul Stephenson, the Scotland Yard Chief, resigns over links News
International.
** General David Petraeus, the US Commander in Afghanistan steps down.
** Sean Haore, a former News of the World journalist, who was
instrumental in revealing the illegal news gathering practices at the
newspaper, is found dead at his house in Watford town in
Hortfordshire, north-west of central London.
** Hina Rabbani Khar is sworn in Pakistan's Foreign Minister, thus
becoming the youngest and the first woman to occupy the post.
** The FBI arrests prominent Kasmir activist Ghulam Nabi Fai at his
home in Fairfax, Virginia.
** The UN declares famine in parts of omalia, with up to 350,000
people hit in the most severe food crisis in Africa in two decades.
** Serbia arrests Goran Hadzic, the last remaining Yugoslav war crimes
suspect sought by the International Criminal Tribunal in The Hague.
** Space Shuttle Atlantis returns from the ISS bringing an end to
NASA's 30 year old journey with one last touchdown at Kennedy Space
Centre in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
** The EU summit in Brussels comes out with a second international
bailout package for Greece.
** At least 40 persons killed and 190 injured as a bullet train rams
another one while running on a bridge in Wenzhou in east China's
Zhejiang province.
** Amy Winehouse(27), Grammy award winning British soul singer is
found dead at her flat in North London.
** India and the Republic of Korea ink a civil nuclear agreement after
a meeting between Presidents Pratibha Patil and Lee Myung Bak in
Seoul.
** Bangladesh Swadhinata Samanona (Bangladesh Freedom Honor) is
conferred on Indira Gandhi at a function in the capital Dhaka.
** India, Iraq and Syria sign a $ 10 bn gas pipeline deal.
** Indians Harish Hande and Nileema Mishra among six award winners of
2011 Ramon Magsaysay awards announced in Manila.
** At least 163 killed on board a Carribean Airlines jet miraculously
survive after the plane crashlands and splits in Guyana's Cheddi Jagan
International Airport.
** AUGUST
** The Former Eqyptian President Hosni Mubarak is charged with an
array of crimes at an open trial court in a Cairo Court.
** Signs of water found on Mars, say Scientists.
** Standard & Poor's for the first time removes the US Government from
its list of risk-free borrowers.
** NASA launches the billion dollar unmanned solar powered Juno
spacecraft on a five year journey to Jupiter.
** China puts into orbit Pakistan's first communications satellite,
PAKSAT-1R from a launch centre in western Sichuan Province
** Nepal Prime Minister Jhalanath Khanal resigns.
** Sukhoi fifth generation stealth fighter, T-50 being jointly
developed by Russia and India makes public debut at a Moscow air show.
** IBM reveals brain chips called 'core'
** A State Supreme Court in Manhattan dismisses the criminal charges
against the former IMF MD Dominique Strauss Kahn.
** Austrian climber Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner becomes the first woman to
scale all the world's 14 highest summits without oxygen.
** Hurricane Irene batters the North Carolina coast. The New York City
Transit system begins a shutdown.
** Baburam Bhattarai is elected Nepal Prime Minister by the nation's
legislature-Parliament.
** Tony Tan is elected Singapore President after a dramatic recount.
** Yoshihiko Noda becomes Japan's sixth Prime Minister in five years.
** Wikileaks publishes its full archives of 251,000 secret US
diplomatic cables, without redactions.
** Iran connects its first nuclear plant at Bushehr to the country's
national electricity grid.
** 43 persons, including members of an ice-hockey team are killed
after a Russian passenger jet crashes immediately after takeoff from
an airport near the city of Yaroslavi.
** The US President Barack Obama unveils a $447 billion plan labelled
the American Jobs Act before the Congress.
** Miss Angola Leila Lopes is crowned Miss Universe 2011 at a pageant
in the Brazilian capital Sao Paulo.
** The "Red Bloc" led by Thorning-Schmidt wins Parliamentary polls in Denmark.
** Scientists announce the discovery of a new planet Kepler 16B that
has two suns.
** "Mad Men" wins the best drama Emmy for the fourth year, "Modern
Family" bags the best comedy gong. Kate Winslet gets Best Actress
Emmy role for her role in period drama "Mildred Pierce" at the 63 rd
Annual prime time Emmy Awards in Los Angeles.
** Rupert Murdoch's media group News International offers 3 million
Pounds pay-off to the family of Milly Dowler, the murdered schoolgirl
the hacking of whose phone led to the closure of the 168 year-old
tabloid.
** The US military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy is repealed.
** R.E.M., the pioneering American alternative rock group, calls it a
day after 21 years and 15 albums.
** European scientists report of tiny specks called neutrinos
apparently travelling faster than light.
** The Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas submits his historic
request for Palestinian statehood during his speech at the UN General
Assembly in New York.
** Saudi women gain the right to vote and run as candidates in the
local elections to be held in 2015.
** Wangari Muta Mathai, the first African woman to win a Nobel Peace
Prize dies of cancer.
** Barcelona bans bull-fighting on grounds of cruelty to animals.
** French socialist' wrest control of the senate gaining 175 out of
348 seats in a historic win for the first time since the Fifth
Republic was founded in 1958.
** Saudi men cast votes in Municipal election, the last all-male poll
in the Muslim Kingdom.
** China launches its first space laboratory module the 8.5 tonne
Tiangong-1 or Heavenly Palace from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch
Centre.
** An anti-terrorism court in Rawalpindi awards death sentence to
Malik Mumtaz Husain Qadri, the assassin of Punjab Governor Salman
Taseer.
** Denmark imposes a "fat tax" on foods such as butter and oil.
** Bruce A. Beutler of the US Jules Hoffman of Luxembourg and Ralph
Steinman of Canada (who died of pancreatic cancer on September 30) are
awarded the Medicine Nobel for discovering the accelerating expansion
of universe.
** Steve Paul Jobs, the iconic co-founder of Apple, dies of
pancreatic cancer in California.
** Swedish poet Tomas Transtromer wins the Literature Nobel Prize.
** Israeli scientist Daniel Shechtman is awarded the Chemistry Nobel
Prize for discovering quasicrystals.
** Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, compatriot and Peace
activist Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkul Karman of Yemen, a pro-democracy
campaigner are awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize.
** Two American economists Thomas Sargent and Christopher Sims are
awarded the Nobel Peace for their research on cause and effect in the
Macroeconomy.
** Dennis Ritchie, a computer czar who wrote the popular C
programming language and helped develop the Unix Oprerating system is
found dead at his home in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey.
** Raj Rajaratnam, billionaire hedge fund manager is handed a 11 year
jail term by a Manhattan Court.
** Bhutan's King Jigme Khesar Namgyel marries Jetsun Pema in the
Palace of Great Happiness in Phunaka.
** Fauja Singh (100) becomes the oldest person to complete a full
distance marathon after taking part in Scotiabank Toronto Waterfront
Marathon in Canada.
** British novelist Julian Barnes is declared winner of this year's
Man Booker Prize for his novella "The Sense of an Ending" in London.
** The Palestinian Hamas frees Gilad Shalit abducted Israeli soldier
in return for the release of 477 Palestinians as part of a prisoner
swap deal.
** A European Court rules that procedures that use embryonic stem
cells cannot be patented.
** The toppled Libyan strongman Muammer Gadaffi is killed by new
regime forces while trying to flee his home town of Sirte.
** US President Barack Obama honours Indian-American activist Vijaya
Emani posthumously with the Presidential Citizens Medal.
** Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdul-Aziz al Saud dies while
undergoing treatment for an unspecified illness in New York.
** Lousiana's Indian-American Governor Bobby Jindal is re-elected for
a second term.
** Over 500 people are feared killed as a powerful earthquake strikes Turkey.
** Tunisia's moderate Islamist Enhada party win in the first elections
held after the onset of the Arab Spring.
** South Arabian interior minister Nayef bin Abdel-Aziz al Saud is
named Crown Prince and Vice Prime Minister
** Australia unveils a 1012 kg gold coin to mark Queen Elizabeth II's visit
** The royal daughters of the UK will soon get regal right to rule
after Britain and 15 Commonwealth nations agree to repeal male
primogeniture laws on the sidelines of this CHOGM summit in Perth
** The US Space Agency launches a first of its kind weather satellite,
The $1.5 billion National Polar Orbiting Operational Environmental
Satelite System Preparatory Project, from Vandenberg Air Force base in
California
** Kamlesh Sharma is reappointed Commonwealth Secretary General at the
CHOGM meeting in Perth
** Philippines becomes the first country to declare a seven billionth
baby, a girl named Danica
** In a historic work at its headquarters in Paris UNESCO grants full
membership to Palestine
** The High Court in London rejects Wikileaks founder Jullian
Assange's plea against extradition to Sweden
** Pakistan cabinet decides to grant MFN status to India ** Six
volunteers complete a 520 day Mars Mission at an isolation module in
Moscow in a bid to simulate the effects of a return trip to the Red
Planet
** Political leaders in Greece clinch a historic deal to form a
national unity government
** Venezuela's Ivan Sarcos is crowned Miss World 2011 at a pageant in London
** The Italian PM Silvio Berlusconi loses parliamentary majority
** Greek PM George Papandreou steps down
** India offers Pakistan a Preferential Trade Agreement, easy visa
regime after talks between PMs Manmohan Singh and Yusuf Raza Gilani on
the sidelines of the SAARC summit in Addu city, Maldives
** Senior banker Lucas Papademos is named PM of the new Greek interim government
** Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is declared re-elected for
a second term after winning a run-off held on November 8th.
** Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi resigns.
** Myanmarese leader Aung Saan Suu Kyi accepts the 2002
UNESCOMadanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and
Non-violence.
** China's unnamed air-craft Shenzhou-8 lands at the Gobi desert
after a month-long docking exercise.
** Mariano Rajoy leads his peoples party to victory in Spains General elections
** Newzealands Prime Minister John Key wins second term
** The Arab league gives nod for sanctions against Syria to pressure
Damascus to end its eight month crackdown on dissent which has left
3500 people dead.
** Michael Jacksons physician Dr. Conrad Munray is sentenced to a four
year jail term by a Los Angeles court
** Britain witnesses the biggest public sector strike in a generation
** Britain expels all Iranian diplomats and orders the closure of its
embassy in London
** Russians launch nationwide protest against election fraud
** Yemens national unity government headed ny PM Md. Basindawa is
sworn in at the Republican Palace in Sana'a
** After nearly 72 hiurs of continous wrangling 190 nations sign an
agreement to work towards a future treaty on global climate at the UN
talks over climate change at Durban. Kyoto protocol get extension till
2017
** Canada pulls out the Kyoto protocol
** US formally ends militatary operations in Iraq which began in March
2003 at a simple ceremony in Baghdad
** A French court sentences the Venzuevelan militant Carlos the Jackal
to life sentence for four deadly attacks in France in the 1980's
** More than 1000 people are killed in flashfloods triggered by
tropical storm Washi in the Philippines
** Vaclav Havel the former Czech President and the hero of Velvet
Revolution passes at his country home near Prague
** 57 people are killed as blasts rock Baghdad
** An Australian teenager gets a 13 year old jail term for the January
2010 killing of an Indian student Nitin Garg in Melbourne
** China launches its first test train that can travel at 500KMPH in
Quindao, Shandong province
** Russians take out a massive rally seeking cancellation of
parliamentary posts held earlier in December 2011.
** Indian- American nobel laureate Venkatraman Ramakrishnan is
conferred knighthood by Britain.

Few Important Tips for Interview For Bank Exams

Before and During an Interview - A Few Tips
A call for an Interview is normally the final hurdle when you are trying for a job in the banking sector or for that matter in any other sector. This means that: -
You have done well in the written part.
Your qualifications and work experience have been found to be appropriate for the job.
Now is the time to present the best of your 'Body, mind and soul' that is Appearance, Expertise and the Core Values you firmly believe in.


Tips on Preparing for the D-Day
Gather information about the bank or organization that has invited you for the interview. This will give you a clear idea about the philosophy, work environment and reputation of the company.
Read the job description carefully as to what they expect from you. Evaluate your qualifications, experience, and core competences, areas of strength and accordingly draw up a questionnaire along with your replies to the expected questions.
Brush up your communication skills.
Interviewers normally ask you to highlight your strengths and weaknesses. Strengths of course can be emphasized more easily but even the weaknesses can be presented in a positive light. For example, 'I am a little impatient with the people who are not focused enough, or non serious about the work in hand'
Go with a positive frame of mind, without worrying much about the outcome.

Attending the Interview
Go with a smile (not a grin) on your face, with confidence and determination to succeed in your heart.

As You Enter
Depending upon whether you are being interviewed by one person or a panel of interviewers, greet politely 'Good Morning'/Afternoon or Evening depending upon time of the day.
If there are more than one person then address them as 'Sirs/Madams' and try to encompass them all in your greeting. If there is only one lady in the panel, it is polite to greet her separately.
Most probably you will be offered a seat. Do not sit down unless you are asked to.

Facing the Interviewers
As you sit across the interviewer(s), look confident and relaxed. In most cases the interviewers themselves will try to put you at ease. Believe that they are there to let you prove your worth and mean no harm to you.

The Body Language
Good body language can be inculcated and practiced. Your facial expression, appearance, gestures, how you walk, talk, stand, sit, use your limbs etc. all form part of your body language.

Pay attention to the following.
  1. Sit erect comfortably without craning your neck. Do not slouch.
  2. Look attentive, keen and interested.
  3. Talk clearly, maintaining a pitch that is comfortably audible to the person(s) around.
  4. Do not get overexcited even while describing your achievements and strengths.
  5. Listen to the queries attentively, constantly maintaining polite eye contact with the interviewers.
  6. Nod your head to show that you are listening, interjecting appropriately with 'Yes Sir/Madam', absolutely, definitely etc.
  7. Lean forward a little as you speak and backward as you listen.
  8. Do not fidget, touch your face, or shake your legs.
  9. Keep your arms either on your sides or in your lap. Do not fold your arms, as it is a sign of rudeness.
  10. Use short simple sentences while talking.
  11. Do not make unrealistic tall claims during the interview.
  12. During the course of an interview someone may ask about your aspirations. Now that is a tricky situation-be cautious here and do not appear over ambitious.
  13. Never get too arrogant or aggressive in front of the interviewers.
  14. Even if the interview is not going as you had planned or you get negative vibes, do not show your disappointment and disinterest. Maintain your poise till the end.
  15. Always thank the interviewers as you leave.


Read more: http://ibpsexamination.blogspot.com/2012/05/few-important-tips-for-interview.html#ixzz1vcmg9EFK

Sports Highlights-2011 at a glance for Law Entrace, CLAT 2012

England retains the Ashes by winning a series in Australia after 25
years. They won the series 3-1.
** Rajasthan wins the Ranji Trophy in Vadodara for the first time,
beating Baroda in the final.
** Pakistani cricketers Mohammed Aamir, Mohammed Asif and Salman Butt
receive bans from the ICC for their involvement in the Spot-fixing
scandal. Butt for ten years, of which five were suspended, Asif for
seven years, of which two were suspended, and Amir for five years.
** Brazilian star Ronaldo announces his retirement from football in
February 2011.
** The Indian cricket team led by MS Dhoni lifts the ICC Cricket World
Cup after a gap of 28 years. Kapil Dev was the Indian captain when
India won it last, which was in the year 1983.
** The All India Football Federation drops charges of racism against
Bob Houghton after he hands over his resignation as the Football coach
of India.
** Former Zimbabwean captain Duncan Fletcher takes over as the coach
of the Indian cricket team. The post was left vacant after, Gary
Kirsten, the coach who helped the Indian team win the World Cup quit.
** Ace Indian boxer, MC Mary Kom(48 kg category) clinches the Gold
Medal at the Asian Women's Boxing tournament held at Haikou, China.
** The Australian hockey team regains the Sultan Azlan Shah
tournament. It was held at Ipoh, Malaysia.
** Saleem Durrani- Given BCCI's CK Nayudu Award for lifetime
Achievemnt.(2011 Award winner)
** Chennai Super Kings defend their title by defeating Royal
Challengers Bangalore in the finals.
** Barcelona wins their 4th Champions league title by beating Man U
3-1 in the finals held at the Wembley Stadium.
** Rafael Nadal clinches a record equalling 6 th Roland Garros title
by defeating Roger Federer in a 4 set final.
** Li Na becomes the first Chinese player to win a Grand Slam
tournament when she defeated Italian Francesca Schiavone in the
Roland Garros final.
** Czech Petra Kvitova wins her first Grand Slam final by defeating
Maria Sharapova in the Wimbledon final.
** Novak Djokovic wins his first Wimbledon title by defeating the
defending Champion Rafael Nadal.
** Darren Clarke from Northern Ireland, becomes at the age of 44 the
oldest player to win the British Open golf tournament.
** Double World Record holder Gagan Narang is named for the 2010 Rajiv
Gandhi Khel Ratna Award.
** Australian Cadel Evans earned himself a yellow jersey, by winning
his first Tour De France title in the month of July 2011.
** Maria Sharapova named as the highest earning women's sportsperson
with an earning of a whopping $25 Million.
** Zimababwe return to test cricket after a 6 year self-imposed exile
in style. They defeat Bangladesh in their comeback game.
** Karnataka win the overall honours in the 38 th National Aquatics
Championship held at Bhopal.
** Baichung Bhutia, the star Indian footballer who played briefly for
Bury FC in the Third Division English Championship, announces his
retirement from international game. His farewell game was played
against Bayern Munich in Ambedkar Stadium. Indian went on to lose this
4-0.
** Lionel Messi named the UEFA Best Player award, in its inaugural
year, for his performance in the 2010-11 season.
** Lionel Messi visits Kolkata to play a friendly against Venezuela.
Argentina won this 1-0.
** Ricky Ponting becomes the first cricketer ever to feature in 100
test victories. He achieved this feat after Australia defeat SL in
Galle.
** The Jamaican 4X100 m relay team clinches the Gold medal at the
World Championship held at Deagu, South Korea, by setting a world
record of 37.04 seconds.
** India win the Asian Champions Trophy in Ordos, China, by defeating
Pakistan in the finals.
** Rahul "The Wall" Dravid played his last ODI against England at
Cardiff. He called it quits from the ODI format; however he continues
to play in the longer format.
** Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, the former Indian captain dies at his home.
** Kenya's Patrick Macau creates a new world record of 2:03:59 en
route to winning the gold in the Berlin Marathon.
** Mumbai Indians wins their first CLT20 title by defeating Royal
Challengers Bangalore in the finals in the 3 rd edition of the
tournament.
** British Indycar driver Dan Wheldon dies in a freak car crash at the
Las Vegas Motor Speedway.
** The Indo-Pak pair of Bopanna and Qureshi win their first masters
series title, by winning the Paris Masters.
** R Ashwin becomes the 3rd Indian to achieve the unique double of a
5fer and a 100 in the same match. The previous two to achieve this
were Polly Umrigar and Vinoo Mankad.
** Roger Federer defeats Jo Wilfred Tsonga in his 100 th career finals
to win the ATP World Tour Finals in London.
** Hossein Vafaei Ayouri becomes of Iran won the IBSF World snooker
championships held at Bangalore
** Brazilian legend Socrates passes away in Sao Paulo. He was aged 67.
** Virender Sehwag scores a record breaking 219 in the 4th ODI against
West Indies in Indore. Incidentally, the previous highest score of
200* by Sachin Tendulkar also came in the state of MP.
** India defeats Afghanistan in Delhi and successfully defends their SAFF title.

Sunday, May 20, 2012

जनरल नॉलेज क्विज (Quiz in Hindi 4)


1. हाल ही में किस कांग्रेसी नेता को उत्तराखंड का राज्यपाल नियुक्त किया गया.

(क)अजीज कुरैशी (ख) राशिद अल्वी (ग) एम के नारायणन

2. भारत एक ऐसी मिसाइल बना रहा है, जो दुश्मन के राडार सिस्टम को तबाह कर हमला करने की क्षमता को बढ.l देगी. इसे सुखोई फाइटर प्लेन में लगाया जायेगा. इस मिसाइल का नाम क्या है?

(क)एंटी रेडिएशन मिसाइल (एआरएम) (ख) अग्नि-5 (ग) पृथ्वी 

3. राष्ट्रपति प्रतिभा पाटील सेशेल्स और दक्षिण अफ्रीका की यात्रा पर गयी हैं. सेशेल्स 116 द्बीपों का समूह है, जिसमें 15 पर लोग रहते हैं. यहां की आबादी 90 हजार से कुछ अधिक है. सेशेल्स के राष्ट्रपति का नाम क्या है?

(क)जेम्स एलिक्स मिशेल (ख) बॉत्रस घाली (ग) हेनरी क्लिंटन 

4. इन दिनों क्रिकेटर सचिन तेंदुलकर का राज्यसभा में मनोनयन चर्चा में है. लेकिन 1978 में किस क्रिकेटर ने राज्यसभा सांसद मनोनीत करने के प्रस्ताव को ठुकरा दिया था? 

(क)संजय मांजरेकर (ख) कपिल देव (ग) विजय मर्चेंट 

5. अप्रैल महीना खत्म होते ही जम्मू-कश्मीर की राजधानी जम्मू से श्रीनगर हो जायेगी. इसे दरबार मूव के नाम से जाना जाता है. छह माह में राजधानी बदलने की शुरुआत महाराजा गुलाब सिंह ने 1872 में की थी. मई से अक्तूबर तक राजधानी श्रीनगर और नवंबर से अप्रैल तक जम्मू होता है. राजधानी बदलने में कितने दिन का समय लगता है.

(क) तीन सप्ताह (ख) एक सप्ताह (ग) दो सप्ताह

6. इंडियन ओपन बैडमिंटन टूर्नामेंट का पुरुष सिंगल्स खिताब दक्षिण कोरिया के किस खिलाड़ी के नाम रहा. 

(क)वान हो शान (ख) जुई (ग) तांतोवी
सही उत्तर 1.(क) 2.(क) 3.(क) 4.(ग) 5.(ख) 6.(क)



1. Which recently was appointed Governor of Uttarakhand Congress leaders. 

(A) Aziz Qureshi (b) Rashid Alvi (c) MK Narayanan 

2. India is a missile, destroying the enemy's radar system to increase the ability to attack. L will. It will be the Sukhoi fighter plane. What is the name of the missile? 

(A) anti-radiation missile (ARM) (b) Fire 5 (c) Earth 

3. President Pratibha Patil to visit Seychelles and South Africa have been. Seychelles is a group of 116 Dbeepon, in which 15 people live. The population is just over 90 thousand. What is the name of the President of Seychelles? 

(A) James Alix Michel (b) Botrs Ghali (c) Henry Clinton 

4. These days in a Rajya Sabha nomination is discussed cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. But in 1978, which the player had turned down the Rajya Sabha to nominate? 

(A) Sanjay Manjrekar (b) Kapil Dev (c) Vijay Merchant 

5. April days are over, the Jammu - Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir will be the capital. It is known to move court. Maharaja Gulab Singh in the capital within six months of 1872 was beginning to change. From May to October is the capital Srinagar and Jammu from November to April. How many days takes to the capital. 

(A) Three weeks (b) a week (c) two weeks 

6. Indian Open badminton tournament men's singles title in South Korea which is the player's name. 

(A) Wan Shan Ho (b) Jui (c) Tantovi
The correct answer 1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (A)




जनरल नॉलेज क्विज General Knowledge Quiz 2 May



1. विश्‍व के नये बने देश दक्षिणी सूडान ने विश्‍व बैंक और अंतरराष्ट्रीय मुद्राकोष की हाल में सदस्यता ली. इन अंतरराष्ट्रीय संगठनों की सदस्यता लेने वाला वह कौन-सा देश बना?

(क)189वां (ख) 188वां (ग) 187वां

2. भारतीय मूल के किस उद्यमी और शिक्षाविद् को संयुक्त राष्ट्र की शैक्षिक एवं सांस्कृतिक एजेंसी यूनेस्को का सद्भावना दूत नियुक्त किया गया है?

(क)सनी वर्के (ख) विनोद मंगलम (ग) निमित परेरा

3. विश्‍व स्वास्थ्य संगठन द्वारा जारी रिपोर्ट में वर्ष 2010 में खसरे से होने वाली मौतों में से सर्वाधिक मौतें किस देश में हुईं?

(क)दक्षिण अफ्रीका (ख) पाकिस्तान (ग) भारत

4. साल 2012-13 के लिए उद्योगों से संबंधित संगठन उद्योग चैंबर सीआइआइ का अध्यक्ष किसे चुना गया है?

(क)एस गोपाल कृष्णन (ख) सुनील मित्तल (ग) आदि गोदरेज

5. अंतरराष्ट्रीय श्रम संगठन (आइएलओ) की रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक, पिछले पांच वर्ष में भारत में रोजगार में कितने फीसदी की बढ.ोतरी हुई है?

(क) 1 (ख) 2 (ग) 0.1

6. अमेरिकी विदेश मंत्री इस महीने अमेरिका-चीन रणनीतिक और आर्थिक वार्ता के लिए बीजिंग आ रही हैं. इस दौरान वह भारत भी आयेंगी. अमेरिकी विदेश मंत्री का नाम क्या है?

(क) रॉबर्ट गेट्स (ख) हिलेरी क्लिंटन (ग) लियोनल पनेटा

7. अंतरराष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट परिषद् ने चैपियंस ट्रॉफी 2013 के बाद करवाने का फैसला किया है. 2013 में कहां आयोजित किया जायेगा?

(क) इंग्लैंड (ख) भारत(ग) ऑस्ट्रेलिया
 
सही उत्तर 1.(ख) 2.(क) 3.(ग) 4.(ग) 5.(ग) 6.(ख). 7.(क)

English version :

1. Southern Sudan's new world, the country joined the World Bank and International Monetary Fund's recent. These international organizations to subscribe to the Who - which country?

(A) 189 st (b) 188 th (c) 187 th

2. What Indian entrepreneurs and academics to the United Nations educational and cultural agency UNESCO has been appointed a goodwill ambassador?

(A) Sunny Vrke (b) Vinod Mangalam (c) destined Pereira

3. A report released by the World Health Organization measles deaths in 2010 most of the deaths took place in what country?

(A) South Africa (b) Pakistan (c) India

4. Industries for the year 2012-13 pertaining to the organization who was elected president of Chamber of Industry CII?

(A) S. Gopal Krishnan (b) Sunil Mittal (c), Adi Godrej

5. International Labour Organization (Aielo) reports, the last five years, how many per cent increase in employment in India. Otri has?

(A) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0.1

6. U.S. Secretary of the United States this month - China Strategic and Economic Dialogue are coming to Beijing. During this time he will come to India. What is the name of U.S. Secretary of State?

(A) Robert Gates (b) Hillary Clinton (C) Lionel Pneta

7. International Cricket Council has decided to get after playing Champions Trophy 2013. Where will be held in 2013?

(A) England, (b) India (c) Australia
The correct answer 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (B). 7. (A)

Note : English version is not exact one for Hindi  .

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इलेक्ट्रॉनिक-कचरा कारगर होगा नया कानून! :(An article an Electronic - Garbage new law will work!)


इलेक्ट्रॉनिक-कचरा कारगर होगा नया कानून!

(600 से अधिक ई-कचरा संग्रहण केंद्र देश में हैं. इन केंद्रों पर ही ई-कचरों का निबटान हो सकता है.

3,50,000 टन ई-कचरा हर साल भारत में पैदा होता है और 50,000 टन का आयात.

05 प्रतिशत है इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कचरे का हिस्सा, विश्‍व के कुल कचरे में.)
 

भारत में इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कचरे यानी ई-कचरे की समस्या को निपटाने के लिए कानून 1 मई से लागू हो गया. इलेक्ट्रॉनिक वेस्ट (मैनेजमेंट एंड हैंडलिंग) रुल्स-2011 के इस कानून के तहत पूरे देश में कोई भी ई-कचरे को यूं ही कहीं फेंक या डंप नहीं कर सकता है. इन्हें पर्यावरण मंत्रालय के तहत आने वाले केंद्रीय प्रदूषण बोर्ड द्वारा अधिकृत कचरा संग्रहण केंद्र में ही डंप किया जा सकता है. ई-कचरे के प्रबंधन एवं उसे रिसाइकल करने संबंधी इस कानून से स्थिति में कितना आयेगा बदलाव, क्या है इलेक्ट्रॉनिक-कचरा और इसके निबटान में किस तरह की हैं चुनौतियां? इन्हीं मुद्दों पर केंद्रित है आज का नॉलेज.

▪चंदन मिश्रा

अक्सर हम अपने घरों का कू.डे-कचरा बाहर फेंक देते हैं. इस पर न तो कोई हमसे सवाल करता है और न ही इसके लिए किसी तरह के दंड का प्रावधान हैं. यह तो बात हुई सामान्य कचरे की. लेकिन यदि आप टीवी, मोबाइल या लैपटॉप या किसी तरह के इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कचरे को बाहर डंप करते हैं, तो इसके लिए आपको जुर्माने के साथ-साथ सजा भी हो सकती है. दरअसल, सरकार ने मंगलवार यानी एक मई से पूरे देश में इलेक्ट्रॉनिक वेस्ट (मैनेजमेंट एंड हैंडलिंग) रुल्स-2011 को लागू कर दिया है. इसके तहत ई-कचरे को आप यूं ही कहीं भी डंप नहीं कर सकते हैं. इस कानून के तहत आपको ई-कचरे को सरकार द्वारा अधिकृत एजेंसियों को देना होगा. सरकार ने इलेक्ट्रॉनिक वेस्ट (मैनेजमेंट एंड हैंडलिंग) रूल्स-2011 के तहत 73 रिसाइकलर्स (प्रयोग की गयी वस्तु का दोबारा प्रयोग के लायक बनाने वाली एजेंसी) को अधिकृत किया है. 

पर्यावरण मंत्रालय के मुताबिक, इस कानून में प्रावधान है कि कोई भी उपभोक्ता अपने पुराने इलेक्ट्रॉनिक सामान को तीन तरीकों से डिस्पोज यानी बेच या नष्ट कर सकता है- पहला, अधिकृत संग्रह केंद्र पर, दूसरा-प्रत्यक्ष तौर पर किसी भी अधिकृत रिसाइकलस या तीसरा-उत्पादक के पास जमा कर. हालांकि, इस कानून में कई प्रावधानों को लेकर इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स कंपनियों ने विरोध भी जताया है. लेकिन कानून के तहत इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स उत्पादक कंपनियों की जिम्मेदारी होगी कि वे ई-कचरे को इकट्ठा करें. यही वजह है कि उत्पादक कंपनियां इस कानून में सुधार चाहती है.

क्या था नियम 

वन एवं पर्यावरण मंत्रालय के तहत आने वाले केंद्रीय प्रदूषण नियंत्रण बोर्ड ने ई-कचरे के प्रबंधन एवं निपटान के लिए खतरनाक कचरा प्रबंधन, रखरखाव एवं सीमापार यातायात नियम 2008 बनाये थे. इसके मुताबिक, ई-कचरे के निपटान में इकाइयों की केंद्रीय प्रदूषण नियंत्रण बोर्ड में पंजीकृत होना जरूरी है.

क्या है मौजूदा कानून में प्रावधान

पिछले साल मई में वन एवं पर्यावरण मंत्रालय ने ई-वेस्ट मैनेजमेंट एंड हैंडलिंग रूल्स की अधिसूचना जारी की थी. इस बारे में इससे जु.डे कारोबारियों और उपभोक्ताओं को जानकारी देने के लिए एक साल का समय दिया गया था. यह कानून इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उत्पाद के सभी प्रकार के उत्पादकों, कारोबारियों, थोक उपभोक्ताओं और उपभोक्ताओं पर लागू होगा. इलेक्ट्रॉनिक और इलेक्ट्रिक वस्तुओं की उपयोग की उम्र निपटाने की जिम्मेदारी उत्पादक संस्थान की होगी. उत्पादक के लिए ही नहीं, बल्कि इस तरह के कचरे के पुन:चक्रण (रिसाइकलिंग) और निपटान के लिए जिम्मेदार संस्थाओं पर भी सही तरीके से निपटाने के लिए यह नियम लागू होगा. उपकरणों के खराब और अनुपयोगी होने पर उपयोगकर्ता की भी जिम्मेदारी होगी.

क्या है ई-कचरा

ई-वेस्ट आइटी कंपिनयों से निकलने वाला कबाड़ा है, जो तकनीक में आ रहे बदलावों और स्टाइल के कारण निकलता है. उदाहरण के तौर पर, पहले बडे आकार के कंप्यूटर और मॉनीटर आते थे, अब इनकी जगह स्लिम और फ्लैट स्क्रीन वाले छोटे मॉनीटरों ने ले लिया है. माउस, की-बोर्ड, मोबाइल के खराब पुज्रे या अन्य उपकरण जो चलन से बाहर हो गये हैं, वे ई-वेस्ट की श्रेणी में आ जाते हैं. पुरानी शैली के कंप्यूटर, मोबाइल फोन, टेलीविजन और इलेक्ट्रॉनिक खिलौने और अन्य उपकरणों के बेकार हो जाने के कारण भारत में हर साल इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कचरा पैदा होता है. 

यह मनुष्य के स्वास्थ्य के लिए गंभीर खतरा उत्पत्र कर सकता है. विकसित देशों में अमेरिका की बात करें, तो वहां हर घर में पूरे साल में छोटे-मोटे लगभग 24 इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरण खरीदे जाते हैं. इन पुराने उपकरणों का फिर कोई उपयोग नहीं होता. इसके अलावा अमेरिका में कितना ई-कचरा पैदा होता है, इसका अंदाजा इस बात से भी लगाया जा सकता है कि वहां 7 प्रतिशत लोग हर साल मोबाइल बदलते हैं और पुराना मोबाइल कचरे में डाल देते हैं. 

देश में कितना ई-कचरा

भारत में सरकारी आंक.डे के मुताबिक, 2004 में देश में ई-कचरा एक लाख 46 हजार 800 टन थी, जो 2012 में बढ.कर आठ लाख टन तक होने का अनुमान है. वहीं, ई-कचरा पैदा करने वाले 10 शीर्ष शहरों में दिल्ली, मुंबई, बेंगलुरु, कोलकाता, चेत्रई और हैदराबाद शामिल हैं. 

किस तरह की है चुनौती

विकसित देश अपने यहां ई-कचरे गरीब देशों को बेच रहे हैं. विकसित देश यह नहीं देखते कि गरीब देशों में ई-कचरे के निपटाने के लिए नियम-कानून बने हैं या नहीं. इस कचरे से होने वाले नुकसान का अंदाजा इसी बात से लगाया जा सकता है कि इनमें 38 अलग प्रकार के रासायिनक तत्व शामिल होते हैं. इनसे काफी नुकसान भी हो सकता है. जैसे टीवी और पुराने कंप्यूूटर मॉनिटर में लगी सीआरटी (कैथोड रे ट्यूब) को रिसाइकल करना मुश्किल होता है. इस कचरे में लीड (शीशा), मरक्युरी (पारा) जैसे घातक तत्व भी होते हैं. दरअसल ई-कचरे का निपटारा आसान काम नहीं है, क्योंकि इसमें प्लास्टिक और कई तरह की धातुओं से लेकर अन्य पदार्थ रहते हैं.

इस कचरे को आग में जलाकर इसमें से आवश्यक धातु आदि निकाली जाती है. इसे जलाने से जहरीला धुंआ निकलता है जो काफी घातक होता है. विकासशील देश इसका इस्तेमाल तेजाब में डुबोकर या फिर उन्हें जलाकर उनमें से सोना-चांदी, प्लैटिनम और दूसरी धातुएं निकालने के लिए करते हैं. 

क्या स्थिति है भारत की 

भारत में सूचना प्रोद्योगिकी का क्षेत्र बेंगलुरु है. यहां करीब 1700 आइटी कंपनियां काम कर रही हैं. उनसे हर साल 6000 हजार से 8000 टन इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कचरा निकलता है. 

सबसे चिंता की बात तो यह है कि देश में निकलने वाला हजारों टन ई-कचरा कबाड़ी ही खरीद रहे हैं. इनके पास इस तरह के कचरे को खरीदने की न अनुमति है और न ही वैज्ञानिक तरीके से निपटाने की व्यवस्था. हालांकि, विभित्र स्थानों से ई-कचरा इकट्ठा करने के लिए नेटवर्क बनाया गया है. देश में 600 से अधिक ई-कचरा संग्रहण केंद्र भी हैं. लेकिन, जिस अनुपात में कचरे का उत्पादन होता है, उस लिहाज से यह संख्या कम है. गौरतलब है कि 600 इन संगठनों पर हर साल लगभग 3000 टन ई-कचरा ही रिसाइकिल किया जाता है. एक रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक, अगले 10 वर्षों में भारत, चीन और अन्य विकासशील देशों में इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरणों की बिक्री बहुत तेजी से बढे.गी. इस तरह इनसे निकलने वाले ई-कचरे का पर्यावरण और लोगों के स्वास्थ्य पर गंभीर प्रभाव प.डेगा. 

रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, इस समय हर साल भारत में रेफ्रिजेरेटर से 100,000 टन, टेलीविजन से 275,000 टन, कंप्यूटर से 56,300 टन, प्रिंटर से 4,700 टन और मोबाइल फोन से 1,700 टन ई-कचरा निकलता है. 2020 तक पुराने कंप्यूटरों की वजह से ई-कचरे का आंकड़ा भारत में 500 फीसदी तक बढ. जायेगा. इस तरह अगर ई-कचरे का पुन:चक्रण को लेकर सख्ती से कानून का पालन नहीं किया गया, तो गंभीर संकट का सामना करना पड़ सकता है.
 
विकासशील देशों में और गंभीर है समस्या

ई-कचरे की समस्या से सिर्फ भारत ही नहीं, कई देशों में हालात गंभीर होते जा रहे हैं. सभी अधिक विकट समस्या विकासशील देशों की है, जो सर्वाधिक सुरक्षित डंपिंग क्षेत्र माना जाता है. इस कारण विकसित देश भारत, चीन और पाकिस्तान सरीखे एशियाई देशों को ई-कचरों का निर्यात करते हैं. विकासशील अपनी समस्याओं को ताक पर रखकर इन कचरों का आयात करते हैं. भारत में तो हालत यह है कि ऐसे कचरे के आयात पर प्रतिबंध के लिए भारत में चौदह साल पहले बने कचरा प्रबंधन और निगरानी कानून-1989 को धता बताकर औद्योगिक घरानों ने इनका आयात जारी रखा है. अमेरिका, जापान, चीन और ताइवान सरीखे देश तकनीकी उपकरणों में लैस, मोबाइल, फोटोकॉपियर, कम्प्यूटर, लैपटॉप, टीवी, माइक्रोचिप्स, सीडी आदि के कबाड़ होते ही इन्हें दक्षिण पूर्व एशिया के जिन कुछ देशों में ठिकाने लगाते हैं. उनमें भारत का नाम सबसे ऊपर है. अमेरिका के बारे में कहा जाता है कि वह अपने यहां का 80 प्रतिशत ई-कचरा चीन, मलेशिया, भारत, कीनिया और अफ्रीकी देशों में भेजता है. गौरतलब है कि दुनिया के देशों में तेजी से बढ.ती इलेक्ट्रॉनिक क्रांति से एक तरफ जहां आम लोगों की उस पर निर्भरता बढ.ती जा रही है, वहीं दूसरी तरफ इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कचरे से होने वाले खतरे ने पूरे दक्षिण पूर्व एशिया खासकर भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप की चिंता बढ.ा दी है. पर्यावरण के खतरे और गंभीर बीमारियों का स्रोत बन रहे इस कचरे का भारत प्रमुख उपभोक्ता है. मोबाइल फोन, लैपटॉप, टेलीविजन और कबाड़ बन चुके कंप्यूटरों के कचरे भारी तबाही के तौर पर सामने आ रहे हैं.
 
स्वास्थ्य और पर्यावरण को खतरा

इलेक्ट्रॉनिक चीजों को बनाने में इस्तेमाल होने वाली सामग्रियों में ज्यादातर कैडमियम, निकेल, क्रोमियम, एंटीमोनी, आर्सेनिक, बेरिलियम और मरकरी का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है. ये सभी पर्यावरण और स्वास्थ्य के लिए हानिकारक हैं. इनमें से काफी चीजें तो रिसाइकल करने वाली कंपनियां ले जाती हैं, लेकिन कुछ चीजें कबाड़ी के जरिये बाहर ही रहती हैं. वे हवा, मिट्टी और भूमिगत जल में मिलकर जहर का काम करती हैं. कैडमियम से फेफ.डे प्रभावित होते हैं, जबकि कैडमियम के धुएं और धूल के कारण फेफ.डे और किडनी दोनों को गंभीर नुकसान पहुंचता है. एक कंप्यूटर में आमतौर पर 3.8 पौंड शीशा, फास्फोरस, केडमियम और मरकरी जैसे हानिकारक तत्व होते हैं. इन्हें जलाने पर ये हानिकारक तत्व सीधे वातावरण में घुलते हैं. इनका अवशेष पर्यावरण को नुकसान पहुंचाता है. अंतरराष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण संगठन ग्रीनपीस के एक अध्ययन के मुताबिक, 49 देशों से इस तरह का कचरा भारत में आयात होता है.
 
कितना कारगर हो पायेगा यह कानून!

अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर बेसल कंवेन्शन के अंतर्गत इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कचरे संबंधी नियमों का पालन होता है. चीन ने अपने यहां ई-कचरे आयात करने पर रोक कुछ समय पहले ही लगायी है. हांगकांग में बैटरियां और कैथोड-रे ट्यूब आयात नहीं किया जा सकता. इसके अलावा दक्षिण कोरिया, जापान और ताइवान ने यह नियम बनाया है कि जो कंपनियां इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उत्पाद बनाती हैं वे अपने वार्षिक उत्पादन का 75 प्रतिशत रिसाइकल करें. वहीं, भारत में तो अभी ई-कचरे के निपटान और रिसाइकलिंग के लिए ठोस कोशिश प्रयास ही शुरू नहीं हुए. हालांकि, तामिलनाडु प्रदूषण नियंत्रण बोर्ड के मुताबिक, उसने सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी से जुड़ी कंपनियों को ई-कचरे के निस्तारण के लिए उचित तरीके अपनाने की हिदायत दी थी, लेकिन ज्यादातर कंपनियां इसका पालन नहीं करतीं. ऐसे में क.डे कानून की जरूरत है. अब जबकि नये कानून को लागू कर दिया गया है, तो उसका पालन किस तरीके से होता है यह भी एक चुनौती है, क्योंकि कई कंपनियां इसमें सुधार की मांग भी कर रही हैं.


Electronic - Garbage new law will work!

(More than 600 e - waste collection center in the country. These centers as e - disposal of garbage can.

E 3,50,000 tonnes - 50,000 tonnes of waste every year in India and imports.

05 percent of electronic waste, the world's waste.)

Electronic waste in India, the e - waste disposal problem, the law has come into effect from May 1. Electronic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules -2011 in the country under the laws of any e - waste fly away somewhere or can not dump. Them under the Ministry of Environment authorized by the Central Pollution Board can be dumped in garbage collection center. E - waste management and related it to recycle much will change in the law, what is electronic - what kind of waste and its disposal are the challenges? Knowledge today is focused on these issues.

▪ Chandan Mishra

Ku often our homes. Day - throw out the trash. This is no question of us or is it some kind of punishment. It was a matter of general waste. But if you have TV, mobile or laptop or any kind of electronic waste to the dump, so it's fine with you - can also be adorned with. Indeed, the government said Tuesday the country from May to the electronic waste (Management and Handling) Rules have been applied to -2011. The e - waste dump, you can not fly anywhere. Under this law, e - waste must be authorized by the government agencies. Electronic Government Waste (Management and Handling) Rules under -2 011 73 Risaiklrs (reusable object was used to fit the agency) is authorized. 

According to Ministry of Environment, the law provides that any consumer of their old electronic goods sold or destroyed or can throw three ways - first, authorized collection center, the second - apparently Risaikls or any authorized third - submitted to producers. However, many provisions of the Act expressed opposition to the electronics companies. But the law will be the responsibility of companies producing electronics that the e - waste to collect. That's why producers have to improve this legislation.

What was the rule 

Ministry of Environment and Forests, Central Pollution Control Board under the e - waste management and disposal of hazardous waste management, maintenance and Cross-Border Traffic Rules 2008 were made. Accordingly, e - waste disposal units must be registered in the Central Pollution Control Board. 

What is the current law provisions 

Ministry of Environment and Forests in May last year, E - Waste Management and Handling Rules were notified. J about it. Day traders and consumers were given a year to give information. The laws of all kinds of electronic product manufacturers, traders, and consumers will be applied to bulk consumers. Use of electronic and electric goods responsibly dispose of old institutions would be productive. For productive, but such a waste recycling (Recycling) responsible for and settlement institutions shall also apply this rule to dispose of correctly. Spoiled and unused equipment will be the responsibility of the user. 

What is e - waste 

E - out of the ruined West IT companies, which the changes in technique and style of the leaves. For example, the first large-size computer and monitor came in their place is now slim and flat screen monitors have been replaced with smaller ones. Mouse, the - board, or other mobile devices running out of bad Pujre, they e - come under the category of waste. Old-style computers, mobile phones, television and electronic toys and other equipment go to waste due to the electronic waste is generated every year in India. 

It is a serious threat to human health may Utptr. In the developed countries, the United States, in every house there as big as the whole year - roughly about 24 electronic devices are purchased. The old equipment is not used again. Also in America, so e - waste is created, the idea can be gauged from the fact that the 7 per cent a year old mobile cell change and put in the trash. 

The amount of e - waste 

India's public judging. Day, according to E in the country in 2004 - one million 46 thousand 800 tons of trash, which increased in 2012. Is estimated to be up to eight million tonnes. However, e - waste to produce 10 top cities Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, and Hyderabad are Chetri. 

What kind of challenge 

Developing countries in e - waste are sold to poor countries. That the poor in developing countries do not see that e - waste disposal rules - laws are made or not. Damage the waste can be realized from the fact that these are 38 different types of chemical elements.These losses can be considerable. Such as TV monitors and older engaged in Kanpuutr CRT (cathode ray tube) is difficult to recycle. Lead in the waste (glass), Mrkyuri (Hg) elements are just as deadly. The E - Disposal of waste is not easy, because the plastic and other materials are from a variety of metals. 

Essential metals, etc. The waste is removed from the fire burning. The toxic smoke from burning leaves is quite deadly. Immersed in acid or burning them in developing countries use of them gold - silver, platinum and other metals to remove. 

What is the situation in India 

Bangalore is India's information technology sector. The IT companies are doing about 1700. Every year from 8000 to 6000 thousand tons of electronic waste is coming out. 

The most worrying thing is to leave the country, thousands of tonnes of e - waste are only buying junk. Do not allow them to buy this kind of waste disposal system, nor scientific. However, Vibitr places E - The Network is designed to collect trash. The more than 600 e - waste collection center too. However, the proportion of waste is produced, it is wise at this number. Significantly, these organizations every year 3000 tons of 600 e - garbage is recycled. According to a report, in the next 10 years, India, China and other developing countries, sales of electronic devices by leaps Bdelgil They get this kind of e - waste a serious impact on the environment and people's health a. Dega. 

According to the report, this time to 100,000 tonnes every year in India, refrigerator, TV and 275,000 tons, 56.3 thousand tons of computers, printers and mobile phones from 4,700 tons to 1,700 tons of e - waste is coming out. E by 2020 because of old computers - waste figure of 500 per cent increase in India. Will. So if e - waste recycling laws were not strictly about the serious crisis facing is.
And serious problem in developing countries 

E - waste problem not just in India, many countries are becoming serious situation. All the more acute problems of developing countries, which is considered the most safe dumping area. The developed countries India, China and Asian countries like Pakistan, the e - to export garbage. Development by setting aside their problems to import the garbage. In India, the condition that the import of such waste in India fourteen years ago to ban the dumping of industrial waste management and monitoring law -1 989 houses these imports has continued. America, Japan, China and Taiwan as the country with technical tools, mobile, Fotocopiyr, computers, laptops, TVs, microchips, CDs, etc. as soon as the junk they put bases in Southeast Asia where some countries. Among India'stops. It is said that the United States about 80 percent of its e - waste in China, Malaysia, India, Kenia and sends African countries. The fastest growing countries in the world. Three electronic revolution on one side by the increasing reliance on the public. Ti being, on the other hand the dangers of electronic waste in South East Asia, particularly the concern of the Indian subcontinent increase. has received. environmental threats and become a source of serious diseases are the major consumer of waste in India. Mobile phones, laptops, televisions and computers have become scrap as waste are exposed to massive destruction.
Health and environmental hazards 

Most of the materials used in making electronic things cadmium, nickel, chromium, Antimoni, arsenic, beryllium and mercury are used. These are harmful to health and the environment. Companies that take a lot of these things are recycled, but some things remain the same through flea. The air, soil and groundwater along the poison work. Cadmium Fef. Day are affected, while cadmium fumes and dust caused by Fef. Day and reaches serious damage to both kidneys. A computer, usually 3.8-pound lead, phosphorus, cadmium and mercury are harmful ingredients like. These harmful substances are burned, they melt into the environment. The residual environmental damage. According to the international environmental organization Greenpeace study, 49 countries, this kind of waste is imported into India.
How the law will be effective! 

Kanvenshn internationally under the Basel rules on electronic waste is. China in the e - waste import ban is applied some time ago. In Hong Kong, batteries and cathode - ray tube can not be imported. In addition, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan have made the rule that the companies that make electronic products to recycle 75 percent of their annual production. While in India, just e - Recycling for solid waste disposal and try to not start. However, the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, according to IT-related companies he e - waste disposal was instructed to adopt the appropriate way, but most companies do not comply. A Day in the law is needed. Now that the new law has been applied, then it would follow the way is also a challenge, because many companies are also seeking to improve.

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